November 21, 1890.] 



SCIENCE. 



291 



to the study of preliistoiic archaeology. The volume also con- 

 tains an address to the Wiltshire Archseological and Natural His- 

 tory Society, ami an inaugural address to the Institute of Bankers. 

 Although more than ten years hare passed since the first edition 

 was published, the subjects have lost none of their freshness, nor 

 has the manner in which they are handled lost any of its charm 

 or interest. 



— The Chautaiiquan for December includes the following arti- 

 cles: "The Intellectual Development of tlie English People," by 

 Edward A. Freeman; "The English Constitution," III., by Wood- 

 row Wilson, Ph.D.; "How the Saxon Lived," Part III., by R. S. 

 Dix ; "The Tenure of Land in England," Part III., by D. McG. 

 Means; "An English Scholar of the Middle Ages," by Eugene 

 Lawrence; and " Studies in Astronomy," II., by Garrett P. 

 Serviss. 



— "A Chart of English Literature," edited by George Edwin 

 Maclean, Ph.D., has appeared from the press of Ginn & Co. It is 

 an outgrowth of Professor Maclean's experience in the class-room 

 with a number of classes in the history of English literature, and 

 is, in fact as in name, only a chart, making no pretension to the 

 greater measure of completeness pertaining to the purposes of 

 tables of literature. It covers the whole field, nevertheless, is 

 practical, and will prove useful to students of literature. 



— The Nineteenth Century for November (New York, Leonard 

 Scott Publication Company) maintains the reputation of this re- 

 view as the leading English periodical. It opens with a paper by 

 Mr. Gladstone, entitled "Mr. Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth : a Re- 

 view and a Recommendation." In this article Mr. Gladstone 

 reviews Mr. Carnegie's theories on the use of wealth, and urges 

 the re-establishraent of Lord Carlisle's Universal Beneficent Soci- 

 ety, — an organization started some twenty-five years ago. In an 

 article on "The Aryan Question and Prehistoric Man," Professor 

 Huxley examines the question of the antiquity of man from a 

 biological standpoint, and finds traces of human existence at a 

 very early time. Prince Krapotkin continues his studies in mutual 

 aid among animals, and brings together many curious illustra- 

 tions of mutual regard among the lower members of the animal 

 kingdom. Henry Wallis writes on the destruction of Egyptian 

 monuments, which he justly regards as one of the disgraces of our 

 time. He gives a faithful picture of the incalculable damage now 

 being done to some of the most interesting relics of a past civiliza- 

 tion. The Hon. Emily Lawless begins a series of papers on old 

 Irish chronicles, the first instalments being devoted to telling the 

 story of the life of Gerald Mor (Gerald the Great), one of the most 

 picturesque figures in Irish history. Dr. J. Paul Richter writes 

 on the guilds of the early Italian painters, and presents a novel 

 picture of the training of artists in the middle ages in Italy. 

 Professor F. T. Palgrave of Oxford contributes an essay on the 

 Oxford literary movements of the fifteenth century, tracing the 

 importance of Oxford in the development of English literature. 

 Three writers briefly discuss the question of the private soldier's 

 wrongs, from as many standpoints. Right Rev. Bishop Barry 

 presents a plea for the loyal feeling in the English colonies, in an 

 article on " The Loyalty of the Colonies." R. E. Prothero writes 

 on French boycotting and its cure. The Right Rev. Earl Grey 

 begins a series of brief political articles entitled •' In Peril from 

 Parliament." 



— An office has been established in the National Department of 

 Agriculture, one function of which is to collate the work of the 

 agricultural experiment stations of the country, and republish 

 such portions as are of greatest immediate importance in a special 

 farmers' bulletin. The second issue of this bulletin, recently pub- 

 lished, contains accounts of experiments on the following subjects: 

 " Better Cows for the Dairy," — a description of an experiment 

 made by ihe Massachusetts station, in which records have been 

 kept of the feed consumed and milk produced by twelve cows of 

 different breeds, the experiment extending over five years (it is 

 shown, that, if no allowance be made for the value of the ma- 

 nure, the best cow in the test gave a profit of thirty-six dollars, 

 while the poorest one, with her feed, cost thirty-four dollars more 

 than her produce was worth); " Fibrine in Milk," — an account in 



which Dr. Babcock of the Wisconsin station has shown that there 

 is a substance in milk akin to the fibrine or clot of blood, and that 

 this substance plays an important part in butter-making; "Bac- 

 teria in Milk, Cream, and Butter," — the substance of reports of 

 an investigation made on behalf of the Storrs School station of 

 Connecticut, in which it is shown that these minute organisms, 

 which are found everywhere in the atmosphere, are the immedi- 

 ate cause of the souring of milk, and that milk may be handled 

 with much greater economy by understanding the nature of bac- 

 teria; "Silos and Silage," — a digest of experiments made at the 

 stations of Kansas, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, and New York; 

 " Alfalfa," — a report giving full directions for the culture of this 

 plant, with its value as a fertilizer and as food for stock. This 

 summary gives an idea of the contents of these bulletins, which 

 are published for free distribution among farmers, and will be 

 sent to any farmer on request. Address Office of Experiment 

 Stations, Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 



— The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of 

 the Fine Arts, Vol. VI, (1890), will contain among its articles of 

 interest the following: " Hittite Sculptures," and "Oriental An- 

 tiquities," by Dr. William Hayes Ward of New York; "Antiq- 

 uities of Phrygia," by Profes-or William M. Ramsay of Aberdeen, 

 Scotland; "Terracottas in American Collections," by Salomon 

 Reinach, Museum of Saint-Germain, France; "Reminiscences of 

 Egypt in Doric Architecture," by Professor Allan Marquand of 

 Princeton ; " Three Heads of Zeus, Hades, and Poseidon, of the 

 Hellenistic Period," by Professor Adolph Michaelis of Strassburg; 

 " Excavations and Discoveries made by the American School of 

 Archagology at Anthedon and Thisbe in Boeotia, Greece," by Pro- 

 fessor F. B. Tarbell of Harvard University, and Dr. J.C. Rolfe of 

 Columbia College; "Greek Sculptured Crowns and Crown-In- 

 scriptions," and " Distribution of Hellenic Temples," by Dr. 

 George B Hussey of Princeton ; " Norms in Greek Architecture," 

 by Professor Marquand and Dr. Hussey ; "The Recently discov- 

 ered Early Christian Palace under SS. Giovannie Paolo, at Rome," 

 by Padre Germano of the Order of Passionists ; "The Lost Mosaics 

 of Rome from the Fourth to the Ninth Century," by Eugene 

 Miintz of the Beaux-Arts, Paris; "Cistercian Monuments as the 

 Earliest Gothic Constructions in Italy," "Roman Artists of the 

 Middle Ages," " Christian Mosaics," and "Tombs of the Popes at 

 Viterbo," by Professor A. L. Frothingham, jun., of Princeton. 

 Being the organ of the Archseological Institute of America, and 

 the medium of direct communication from the American School 

 at Athens, this work has an increasing popularity among general 

 readers as well as specialists. 



— In the Fortnightly Review for November, issued in this coun- 

 try by the Leonard Scott Publication Company, New York, the 

 new story by Count Leo Tolstoi is brought to a conclusion. An 

 article by Moreton Frewen on "The National Policy of the United 

 States" treats of the recent tariff legislation in this country. The 

 author thinks the McKinley Bill may lose Great Britain Canada, 

 but that it is more likely to cement a Greater Britain not alone of 

 Canada, but also of Australia and South Africa. Sir Lepel Grif- 

 fin, who published a series of papers on America in the Fort- 

 nightly a few years ago, writes on " The Burman and his Creed," 

 describing religious life in Burmah and the religious feelings 

 among the natives. Frederick Greenwood, the former editor of 

 the Pall Mall Oazette, contributes a careful forecast of the politi- 

 cal future of England in an article entitled " The Coming Session: 

 Breakers Ahead." An address delivered to the Chamber of Com- 

 merce at Liverpool by H. H. Johnston, on "The Development of 

 Tropical Africa under British Auspices," contains much informa- 

 tion as to the possibilities of the Dark Continent and its value to 

 civilized nations. Madame James Darmsteter continues her 

 studies in French medieval life in a paper on " Rural Life in 

 France in the Fourteenth Century," in which she brings together 

 many curious items relating to daily life in the middle ages. A 

 paper by Felix Volkhowsky on his life in Russian prisons presents 

 a lifelike picture of existence in Uussian prisons by one who spent 

 seven years in solitary confinement and eleven years as an exile 

 in Siberia. This is a thrilling account of actual prison life in 

 Russia, and will doubtless command wide attention. W. H 



