1862.] MR. A. MURRAY ON A NEW BAT. 9 



lip three rows of papillae, each with a long whisker-hair springing from 

 it. In the specimen before us these papillae are arranged four in 

 the two first rows and three in the last ; similar papillae and hairs 

 run up the downy space covering the long nasal bones, in three rows, 

 past the eyes and quite to the forehead, numbering each nine or 

 ten papillae, the middle row being shorter than the two others. The 

 gape of the mouth is large, extending back fully a third of the head ; 

 the lip does not encroach on the outside of the face along the gape ; 

 it is only directly in front that it is so much developed ; the upper 

 lip is connected with the gum by a broad thick ridge uniting them 

 together in the line of the symphysis of the intermaxillary bones. 



The disposition of the teeth is as follows : — 



They are all well separated from each other, none touching each 

 other except, perhaps, the last molars ; the incisors of the upper jaw 

 are minute rounded points ; in the lower jaw they are equally minute, 

 but transversely oblong and bilobed. The canine teeth in both are 

 well developed and of the usual form ; beyond the canine there is 

 a minute tooth (a mere point) in the lower jaw which is wanting in 

 the upper jaw ; the next tooth beyond it is almost exactly of the form 

 of the canine, and is probably a pre-molar ; the remaining teeth, two 

 in the upper and three in the lower jaw (probably true molars), have 

 their crown divided longitudinally; in the upper jaw each ridge slopes 

 backwards, in the under jaw the external ridge is bilobed. The 

 palate has strong, elevated, transverse ridges running across from 

 interspace to interspace between each tooth. The tongue is rather 

 large, and covered with a sort of tessellated pavement of large flat 

 papillae ; it is free very far back. Under it and lying in the hollow of 

 the mouth, occupying the whole breadth for a short space in front 

 between the rami of the lower jaw, is a very curious membrane fringed 

 with slips or plaits — a sort of second tongue, calling to recollection 

 a somewhat similar organ or structure under the tongue of the Loris 

 and Lemur. In these it assumes the form of an aponeurotic lamina, 

 which is divided at its anterior thinner end into filaments or slips. 

 " This arrangement (a development of the frenum of the tongue)," 

 says Van der Hoeven, " has been described incorrectly, in my judg- 

 ment, as though the tongue were double, or even as if a bird's tongue 

 were under the mammalian tongue." It may be a development 

 of the frenum, because two things connected together, although at 

 opposite ends, may always be said to be parts of the same thing 

 however distant they may be. But I would only observe that in the 

 present instance the frenum of the tongue is situated very far back, 

 and it seems to me that it may just as possibly be a development of 

 the floor of the mouth as of the frenum of the tongue. I do not 

 suppose that Dr. Van der Hoeven would think it necessary to look 

 elsewhere than to the walls of the CESophagus to find the structure 

 from which the elongated papillae lining the oesophagus, in the 

 hawk-billed turtle for instance, had been developed. There is a 

 tendency to similar structure in other parts than the tongue in 

 many animals — on the palate and back of the mouth, for example ; 

 and I should not be disposed to seek further than the place from 



