1909. ] ANATOMY OF CERTAIN UNGULATA. 169 
as expanding into the freely floating membrane, and thus sug- 
gesting unduly the funnel of an oviduct. This almost inclines 
one to the belief that Pallas had confused the epididymis with 
the membrane in question, though the phrase quoted above seems 
to negative this belief. It seems, however, that later writers 
have not referred to this structure, for the most part at any rate. 
The classical memoir of Brandt * contains no account of the 
membranous appendage of the testes, nor is it figured. Indeed, 
this anatomist has only figured the female organs. Nor is it 
represented by George t or Chapman. In both Hyrax dorsalis, 
and H, capensis there is invariably (so far as my experience goes) 
a loose fold of membrane, depending freely into the body-cavity, 
of a reddish colour in parts at least, and with an irregular 
edge, which is attached to each testis. This varies in size in 
different individuals (at any rate, it varied in two examples of 
Hyrax dorsalis) and is restricted to a less, or expands to be 
attached toa greater, area of the testes. There are also differences 
on the two sides of the body. 
One of the most recent memoirs dealing with the anatomy of 
the male organs of the Elephant is that by v. Mojsisovics upon 
the African Elephant $. He describes ‘‘ Ein nahezu vollstindiger 
Peritonealiiberzug heftet sie [7. e. the testis] an die mediale Seite 
der Niere etwas unterhalb des Hilus. Cuvier vergleicht dieses 
Aufhingsband der Form nach mit emem Lig. uteri laterale.” 
I do not, however, think that this is anything more than the 
ligament to which I have referred and which unites testis and 
kidney in Hyrax. The late Dr. Morrison Watson || says nothing 
of any such free floating membrane as that which characterises 
Hyrax in the Indian Elephant. But Camper 4 speaks of “ La 
membrane qui les enveloppe formoit des deux cotés plusieurs 
franges garnies de longues appendices en forme de petits epiploons.” 
The figure ** illustrating this appears to me to be of a structure 
comparable to the testicular membrane which I here describe in 
Hyracx. 
These variations suggest an organ which is no longer functional ; 
and it is in any case difficult to see what can be the actual use in 
the economy of this floating sheet of membrane. It seems to be 
quite distinct from the narrow and tightly stretched ligament 
which joins the testis to the anteriorly lying kidney. It is, in 
fact, associated with the testis, and not with the kidney. The 
close association, its reddish colour, and fimbriated edges suggest 
very much the appearance of and association with the ovary of 
the oviducal funnel in Marsupials. And it is possible that this 
structure is really the equivalent of an oviducal funnel persist- 
ing in the male. There is, however, another possibility. The 
* Mem. Ac. St. Peterb. (7) xiv. 1869. 
+ Ann. Sci. Nat. (6) 1. 1874. t P. Acad. Philad. 1904, p. 476. 
§ Arch. f. Naturg. 1879, p. 82. || J. Anat. Phys. vii. 1873, p. 60. 
| 
€ Description anatomique d’un Elephant male. Paris, 1802, p. 55. 
*k. Loc. cit. pl. v. fig. 1. 
