1909. | ANATOMY OF CERTAIN UNGULATA. 181 
left the plantaris and swelling into a slender muscular belly 
joined the gastrocnemius. 
The three flexors, viz., fl. tibialis, fl. fibularis, and fl. tibialis 
posticus, are present, and their tendons were as usual. It is 
important to note the presence of the last-named muscle, which 
has been said to be absent in Bovines. 
Intestinal Tract.—Dr. Murie* says very little about the in- 
testinal tract of the animal, merely giving the lengths of the several 
regions and noting the absence of an ilio-cecal gland. I find 
the colic spiral to be quite typically ruminant in its characters, 
and to be perhaps rather large for so small an animal. In one of 
the two fcetuses in which I studied it carefully, the colic spiral was 
not flat, as it is insome Antelopes with but few coils, but convex. 
A transverse section through the centre of the coil and including 
the tract of colon immediately after it has left the cecum, would 
cut through the colon fourteen times. The spiral is thus very 
much longer than—for instance—that of Madoqua to be later 
described. Furthermore, it is to be noted that there is in the 
foetus which I examined no marked ansa paracecalis; the colon 
where it emerges from the cecum is not at all bent upon itself in 
the way so characteristic of many Artiodactyles and Rodents. 
I could detect no definite ansa paracecalis; and in this Antilo- 
capra agrees with Tragulus (see text-fig. 14, p. 184), where there 
is no loop between the cecum and the spiral loop. 
The cecum itself has no peculiarities; it has the usual sausage 
shape and blunt tip of that of other Ruminants. There is some 
variation among the Ruminants in the degree to which the ileo- 
cecal mesentery extends along the cecum; in Antilocapra the 
membrane extends about halfway along the cecum. The colon, 
when the spiral is left, runs at first in a wide loop which is 
thrown distally into a number of loose folds which are like those 
of the small intestine in not being permanent. After this a short 
tract of the colon is attached by membrane to the czecum; thereafter 
a short and wide but fixed semicircular loop of colon ends in a 
short straight rectum. I have examined and can compare with 
Antilocapra as regards some of the facts just mentioned, three 
species of Cephalophus, viz., C. maxwelli, C. melanorrhous, and 
C. dorsalis. In all of these there is a well-marked ansa_ para- 
cecalis. In none of them is there so complex a colic spiral as in 
Antilocapra. Lonnberg has examined several species of Cepha- 
lophust, but has not seen C’. dorsalis which presents differences 
from C. maxwelli. C. dorsalis is a larger species than the latter 
but is differently coloured ; it also possesses inguinal glands, 
which are wanting in both of the other species I have referred 
to above. While in C. melanorrhous. and C. maawelli the colic 
spiral forms a complete circle and about half a circle, it forms 
two complete circles and a little more in (. dorsalis. In a 
* P.Z.S. 1870, p. 350. + Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Unsala, 1903. 
