1909.] IN BRITISH SPECIES OF CORALS. 301 
stage VII.; and the first appearance of granular ornament: is 
pushed back to costal-stage V. 
At the extreme edge of the peduncle the coste are low and 
have an etched ornament (text-fig. 43, A, costal-stage IV.). On 
the rest of the peduncle they are higher (text-fig. 43, B, costal- 
stage V.), but the ornamentation is resolving into granules. 
On the lowest Trochoid part of the corallum the costs are high 
(text-fig. 43, C, costal-stage VI.) and the ornamentation is of 
individually separate granules and is the ornament of costal- 
stage VII. pushed backwards. The primary coste are forked at 
this stage, the branches crossing neighbouring cost (cf. stages 
A and B of P. granulata). From this point the coste decrease in 
height and increase in breadth (text-fig. 43, D, katagenesis from 
costal-stage VI. to VII.) until past the mid-Trochoid shape-stage ; 
here the coste are broad and low with individually separate 
granules (text-fig. 43, E*, costal-stage VII.), but immediately these 
mass and the costa becomes narrower and higher (text-fig. 43, F’, 
costal-stage VIII.), and then rejuvenescence occurs. Between 
this and the second rejuvenescence costal-stage VIII. (text- 
fig. 43, F*) is dominant, but costal-stage VII. is just represented 
(text-fig. 43, E*) and costal-stage IX. (text-fig. 43, G*) is just 
attained. Rejuvenescences 3, 4, and 5 cause the repetition of 
costal-stages VII. and VIII. (text-fig. 43, E®°, F*’) but not of 
costal-stage IX., and costal-stage VII. is only just indicated. 
The Cylindrical shape-stage has now been reached and a series of 
very slight constrictions indicates rejuvenescences 6, 7, 8, and 9, 
with a similar repetition of costal-stages VII. and VIII.; and 
before rejuvenescence 7 costal-stage IX. is repeated (text-fig. 43, 
KY’, F°°, G*). The repetition of costal-stages VII., VIII., and 
IX. (text-fig. 43, E, F'°, G’) precedes rejuvenescence 10, which 
is a large one, and the corallum ends in costal-stage VII. (text- 
fig. 43, E'*) which is assumed when growth recommences, 
6, PARASMILIA MANTELLI Edwards & Haime. (Text-fig. 44.) 
Parasmilia mantelli Kdwards & Haime, 1850, “ British Fossil 
Corals,” Mon. Pal. Soc. p. 49, pl. viii. figs. 2, 2 a. 
Type-specimen, B.M. no, 48413. 
P. fittoni Kdwards & Haime, P. granulata Duncan, and P. gravest 
Edwards & Haime, form a group of closely allied species, pro- 
gressing serially in costal development from a condition in which 
costal-stage VII. is dominant to one in which costal-stage VIII. is 
more important; and costal-stage IX. is hardly attained. More- 
over, in this series there is always a long katagenesis after costal- 
stage VI. and before costal-stage VII. is attained. The group of 
P. mantelli Edwards & Haime, P. cylindrica Edwards & Haime, 
and P. monilis Duncan (as here determined) presents a series 
progressing from a condition with costal-stage VIII. to one with 
costal-stage IX. dominant, and though costal-stagé VII. may be 
