1909. ] ECTOPARASITES OF THE RED GROUSE. 325 
front of the middle of the body. Before splitting in I. domestica 
the right and left main trunks are put into communication by a 
transverse trunk ; if this exists in S. stercoraria it escaped our 
notice. ‘The lateral trunks give off in each segment a dorsal and 
ventral twig. Anteriorly, in what appears to be the third segment 
(it is described as the fourth in the house-fly), there is a transverse 
commissure by means of which the right and left trunks are put 
into communication. In front two small twigs are given off from 
this transverse commissure which run to the pharynx. The main 
trunk is continued forward, and at the second segment (the third 
in the house-fly) it ends in a process like a little rake (Pl. XLV. 
figs. 26 & 27). This is due to the splitting up of the trachea into 
eight or nine little twigs, all in the same plane and all ending in 
a knob. The whole is called the anterior spiracle, and can be 
protruded from the body and retracted. Hewitt states that in 
the house-fly each of these knobs opens to the surface by a very 
minute pore. 
C. SIPHONAPTERA.—F leas. 
Ga.) Fam. Pulicide. 
V .— CERATOPHYVELUS GALLINULZ Dale*. 
Synonym: Ceratophyllus (Trichopsylla) newsteadi t Rothsch. 
I am indebted to my friend Mr. N.C. Rothschild for identifying 
this flea, which is here recorded for the first time from the grouse. 
It is a well-known bird-flea, having been found in the nest of the 
hawfinch, Coccothraustes vulgaris, in that of the dipper, Cinclus 
aquaticus, in that of the blackbird, Z’wrdws merula, the moor-hen, 
Gallinula chloropus L., and others. In the thousands of grouse 
which have passed through our hands we have found but one or 
two specimens of this flea, all in 1906, and we have never found 
a single specimen in the crop. Hence, although the dog-flea, 
Pulex serraticeps P. Gerv., is said to be the intermediate host of 
the dog tape-worm, Dipylidiwm caninum, 1t seems hardly possible 
that the C. gallinule could play any part in the life-history of 
the grouse tape-worms. In identifying a flea almost every hair 
tells, and as C. gallinule has not been accurately figured before, 
I take this opportunity of figuring it in both sexes. 
V1.—CERATOPHYLLUS GAREI Rothsch. 
This second species of flea was found in a grouse in 1907; we 
only took one or two specimens. It is recorded by Evans { from 
the nest of the water-vole, of the lapwing, Vanellus vanellus, and 
of the ring-dove, Columba palumbus. Rothschild $ has found it 
* N.C. Rothschild, Ent. Monthly Mag. IT. ser. xiv. 1903, p. 145. 
+ Ent. Rec. xin. 1901, p. 284. 
Ann. Scott. Nat. Hist. 1906, p. 163. 
f Ent. Monthly Mag. II. ser. xii. 1902, p. 225. 
