340 DR. A. E. SHIPLEY ON _ [Mar. 16, 
developing ova in the ceca of a young grouse chick of 7 to 10 
days of age from Auchenterlie, Dumbar tonshire. Apparently the 
ceca are the chief centres of absorption of the digested food ; 
they contain none of the cellulose skeletons of vegetable cells so 
common in the intestine, and none of the masses of cast epithelium 
which make up so large a proportion of the flocculent masses in 
the duodenum. The eges may develop further inside the cecum, 
though as yet we have not found an egg containing an embryo in 
its contents. 
A small pellet of the cecal contents, such as can be carried 
away on the point of a needie, spr ead out under a cover-slip,, 
will, in a well- infected bird, show some 12-20 worms and 100-200 
eggs in the field of a § 2 Ross’ objective with a No. 2 eyepiece. 
ALLIED SPECIES. 
In his memoir on the genus Trichostrongylus, Looss enumerates. 
the following four species :— 
(1) 7. rerorr«roruis (Zeder), 1800. From the duodenum 
and exceptionally from the stomach of Lepus timidus and Lepus 
cuniculus (when undomesticated). Railliet says it coexists with 
Strongylus strigosus, and helps to give rise toa pernicious anzemia.. 
It develops directly without intermediate host. 
(2) 2. msrapreis (Railliet), 1893. Syn. 7. subtilis Looss, 
1905. From the duodenum and exceptionally from the stomach of 
Ovis aries, Ovis laticauda, Antilope dorcas, Camelus dromedarius: 
(Egypt), Papio (Cynocephalus) hamadryas (North Africa), and 
occasionally in Man (Egypt and Japan). RRailliet states that this 
species, together with Strongylus contortus, lives in the duodenum 
of sheep, which succumb to pernicious anzemia. 
(3) 7. prozwoLurus (Railliet), 1896. From the duodenum of 
Ovis aries, Ovis laticeuda, Antilope dorcas, and occasionally of 
Man (Egypt), and Camelus dromedarius (¢ Paris and Egy pt). 
(4) Z. rizrrnus Looss, 1905. From the duodenum of Ovis aries, 
Ovis laticauda, occasionally from Camelus dromedarius and Man 
(Egypt). Looss regards this as a rare species. 
To these must be probably added :— 
(5) 7. rewurs (Kberth), 1861. Syn. S. tenwis (Mehlis) Eberth,, 
1861. From the cecum of the goose, Anser cinerea, and 
(6) Z. woputaris (Rud.), 1809. Syn. S. nodularis Rud.,. 
1809; Ascaris mucronata Frohlich, 1791; S. anseris Zeder, 1800 ; 
S. nodulosus Rud., 1803; S. crispinws Molin, 1850. From the- 
mucous and muscular coats of the stomach and duodenum of 
various species of the family Anatide. They are said to be very 
fatal to young geese. 
(7) 7. Percracizis (Cobbold), 1873. Syn. S. pergracilis- 
Cobbold, 1873. From the cecum of Lagopus scoticus. 
(8) 7’. QUADRIRADIATUS (Stevenson), 1904. Syn. S. quadri-- 
radiatus Stevenson, From the intestines of pigeons. 
