1909. | THREAD-WORMS OF THE RED GROUSE. 345. 
worms in the moors, protects grouse from the ‘ gapes,” as the 
disease caused by the forked-worm is called. Earthworms abound 
in Scotland in the cultivated lands, pastures, and woodlands, and 
occur even on the tops of mountains. Mr.:-Wm. Evans tells me 
he has a list of seventeen species of the Lumbricide taken north 
of the Tweed, but they are practically absent from the peat-moors, 
where heather, grouse, and humic acid are most abundant. Some 
moors, however, such as those on the Pentlands, include patches 
of land in which worms flourish. Still there seems ne reason at 
present to incriminate the forked-worm of causing any trouble 
to grouse. One of our cases was a young bird from Argyllshire. 
Gi.) Family Trichotrachelide. 
Gu.) Z'RICHOSOMA LONGICOLLE Rud. 
Synonyms: Calodiwm caudinflatwm Molin. 
Trichosoma gallinum Kow. 
Trichosoma caudinflatum Kow. 
History. 
This genus, first named and described by Rudolphi*, is also 
described by Dujardin? from various species of gallinaceous 
birds. He gives a list of the earlier and ill-defined synonyms. 
The species is also mentioned by Diesing £ under the same name. 
It is recorded by Molin § under the name Calodiwm caudinflatum, 
the name referring to the swollen tail of the female, from the 
small intestine of the partridge and the quail. Eberth ||, who 
gives the best account of the anatomy of the genus TJrichosoma, 
gives a short description and a figure of a nematode under the 
same name, Z'richosoma longicolle; he draws attention to Du- 
jardin’s description of a funnel-lke appendix to the vagina and 
surmises that this is a prolapsed piece of the vagina; this is 
undoubtedly the case in some of our specimens (Pl. LIT. fig. 29, ii.). 
Kowalevsky 4 mentions under the name Zrichosoma gallinwn 
what Dr. von Linstow tells me is this species, and in a later 
paper ** apparently describes and figures this under the name 
Trichosoma caudinflatum. Untortunately I have been unable to 
read this, as the paper is written in Polish. Railliet +? considers 
that the Zrichosoma longicolle described by Dujardin’ and Eberth 
does not agree with Rudolphi’s description of his ZVrichosoma 
longicolle. He points out that Dujardin and Eberth’s species 
* C. A. Rudolphi, ‘ Entozoorum Synopsis,’ Berlin, 1819. 
+ M. F. Dujardin, * Hist. Nat. des Helminthes,’ p. 19. 
+ C. M. Diesing, ‘Systema Helminthum,’ 1850-41, ii. p. 260. 
§ R. Molin, 8.B. Ak. Wien, xxxiii. 1859, p. 302, and Denk. Ak. Wien, xix. 1861, 
. 330, also Mem. Ist. Veneto, 1x. 1860, p. 617. 
|| C. J. Eberth, ‘ Untersuchungen tiber Nematoden,’ Leipzig, 1863. 
@ M. Kowalevsky, Bull. Ac. Cracovie, 1894, p. 280. 
** M. Kowalevsky, Rospr. Ak. Krakov. xxxviil. 1901, p. 274. 
++ A. Railliet, ‘Traité de Zoologie Médicale et Agricole,’ Paris, 1895. 
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1909, No. XXIII. 23 
