346 DR. A. E. SHIPLEY ON [ Mar. 16, 
occurs in the caecum of the fowl and of the guinea-fowl, and 
he renames this species Zrichosoma retuswm Raill., 1893. The 
length of this worm is 13 mm. in the male, 19 mm. in the female. 
Rudolphi’s worms—which may belong to more than one species— 
vary from 39 to 80 mm., and have been described from Lyrurus 
(Tetrao) tetrix, the Black Grouse, Black-cock, or Grey-hen ; 
Tetrao wrogallus, the Caperecaillie; Gallus gallinaceus, the Common 
Fowl; fhasianus colchicus, the Common Pheasant; Ohryso- 
lophus (Phasianus) pictus, the Golden Pheasant; Perdix cinerea, 
the Common Partridge; and Coturnix communis, the Common 
Quail. 
We first found specimens of 7’. longicolle in a Perthshire grouse 
which was brought us in the morning we were leaving Blair 
Atholl for the south in the autumn of 1906. Having once 
seen it, however, it was soon observed again, though it occurs 
sparingly. It always lives in the duodenum, sometimes associated 
with the tape-worm Hymenolepis nicrops, and sometimes alone. 
‘The worms resemble short pieces of very fine white silk. 
This species has two longitudinal rows of dark spots irregularly 
scattered in two lateral bands. Roughly speaking, there are five 
or six of the spots in a transverse row, but they are not regularly 
arranged. The two bands arise anteriorly in the region of the 
cesophagus, and as they pass backward they become somewhat 
narrower, much more pronounced in appearance, and darker. 
They end on the extreme end of the body (Pl. LIV. fig. 36). Hach 
spot corresponds with a unicellular gland, and the bands of these 
elands replace the ordinary nematode excretory system in the 
Trichotrachelide, the family to which 7richosoma belongs. They 
have been best described by Jiigerskidld*. Hach cell opens by a 
minute straight duct which traverses the cuticle and forms what 
used to be called the rod-shaped body (Pl. LIV. fig. 37). The 
trichosoma longicolle of Eberth + has a third or ventral band, and 
he mentions that Dujardin saw but one band in his specimens. 
The length of the specimens varied from 20 mm. in the male 
to 40 mm. in the female. The greatest breadth of the body 
was 4:5 4, but in the neck-region it did not exceed 3p, and 
tapered away to the anterior end, where the breadth was but 0°5 p. 
The very regular large cells in the region of the neck, which 
are pierced by the cesophagus, are just under 3 in width and 
are 12y in length. In the youmg specimens these cylindrical 
cells with flat ends, lying like a lot of pillars end to end, are not 
cut up into a series of segments, which gives a scolloped outline 
to the cells of the adult when seen in profile. But latera number 
of circular constrictions arise, and these divide each cell into a 
series of ten or twelve areas upon each side, and the whole cell 
has the appearance of being built up of two rows of rounded 
bricks lying side by side in a double pile. The nucleus remains 
large, oval, and conspicuous. At the end of each cell there is 
* Svenska Ak. Handl. xxxvy. 11. (1901). 
+ ‘Untersuchungen tiber Nematoden,’ Leipzig, 1863. 
