348 DR. A. E. SHIPLEY ON [| Mar. 16, 
long, thin larva in the duodenum, which we take to be the larva 
of tie Trichosome. 
The eggs appear to undergo no segmentation in the body of 
the worm, and, in fact, we have not yet seen an egg of Trichosoma 
longicolle segmenting. In one grouse from Ross-shire small 
embryos of some nematode were found in the small intestine. 
It is possible that these are the young of 7. longicolle, but 
they show no trace of division into neck and body. It is also 
possible that they are the larve of Zvrichostrongylus pergracilis, 
but they differ in size and shape from those young of this species 
which we have hatched out and found free. The grouse in which 
they were found had been feeding on corn, and J am rather 
inclined to believe that these larve are the young forms of 
Tylenchus tritici which causes the well-known corn-cockle. 
Trichosoma longicolle occurs only in the duodenum, often 
associated with the species of Hymenolepis which inhabits this 
part of the alimentary canal. They are surrounded by epithelial 
cells, singly and in clumps, and of many sizes and shapes, which 
have been shed in immense numbers from the wall of the 
duodenum (Pl. LV. figs. 42 & 43). These may be detached by post- 
mortem digestion. These worms have been found in 13:6 per cent. 
of the birds examined, but it must not be forgotten that they 
are most inconspicuous and easily overlooked. They have been 
found in grouse from Montgomeryshire and Yorkshire, as far 
north as Ross-shire, and at all seasons. They do not occur in 
large numbers and their pathological effect seems small; still 
we must not forget that their near ally, the human parasite 
Trichocephalus trichiuwrus (dispar), is one cause of peritonitis 
and appendicitis in Man. 
However the nematode makes its way into the chick, it must, 
like the Zrichostrongylus, grow very rapidly. We have found 
specimens in a grouse- chick of fourteen days In age. 
(iii.) Family Ascaridee. 
(iv.) HETERAKIS PAPILLOSA Bloch. 
Stossich * mentions this round-worm, under the synonym of 
H. vesicularis Frohl., as occurring in the grouse. It is a very 
common parasite in poultry and pheasants. It occurs in the 
hand-reared birds at Frimley, and Dr. Cobbett and Dr. Graham- 
Smith have found 23 in one cecum and 10 in the other in a 
grouse from Abbeystead which was free from 7. pergracilis, and 
one in each cecum of a grouse from Longtown, Cumberland, which 
had 108 7’. pergracilis in one cecum and 127 in the other, and the 
same number similarly distributed in a bird from Bolton Abbey, 
which had 3118 7. pergracilis in one cecum and 2877 in the other. 
* “Glasnik. Narayosl. druzt.’’ (Societas historico-naturalis Croatica), Zagreb, 
1887, p. 284. 
