LSB iJ ON TAPE-WORMS OF THE RED GROUSE. ool 
3. The Tape-Worms (Cestoda) of the Red Grouse (Lagopus 
scoticus). By A. H. Surpizy, M.A., Hon.D.Sc., F.R.S., 
F.Z.S., Fellow and Tutor of Christ’s College, Cambridge, 
and Reader in Zoology in the University. With a Note 
by Wm. Byerave, M.A. 
[Received December 18, 1908. } 
(Plates LVI.-LX.*) 
CESTODA. : 
Three species of tape-worm live in the alimentary canal of the 
Grouse. The largest of these is (i.) Davainea urogall (Modeer), 
which lives in the small intestine (Pl. LVII. fig. 2). We have 
also from time to time found it in the ceca; its presence there 
is probably due to post-mortem migrations. This is the tape- 
worm known to the keepers and to sportsmen generally. It is 
large, sometimes a foot or more in length, and is occasionally 
seen protruding from the bird’s anus and trailing through the 
air as the bird flies. The second and third tape-worms are in- 
conspicuous and have hitherto escaped notice. One of them, 
(ii.) Davainea cesticillus (Molin), is small and very rare, we have 
only found it twice in the many hundreds of Grouse we have 
examined. It occurs, a few at a time, in the small intestine. 
The third tape-worm, (iii.) Zymenolepis microps (Diesing), 1s also 
inconspicuous, and so transparent when alive as almost to be 
invisible. It exists in hundreds in the duodenum, and probably 
causes a considerable amount of disease and death to the birds 
(Pl. LVII. fig. 4). It is by far the most dangerous of the three 
tape-worms of the Grouse. 
Gi.) Fam. Teeniide. 
Genus Davarnua R. BI. & Raill., 1891. 
(i.) DAVAINEA URCGALLI (Mcdeer), 1790. 
Synonyms: Zenia urogalli Modeer, 1790. 
Tenia calva Baird, 1853. 
Davainea calva Shipley, 1906, 
The worm was apparently named Zwnia wrogalli by Modeer 7 
in the year 1790. I am greatly indebted to Dr. O. Fubrmann, 
of Neuchatel, for pointing out that this tape-worm is identical 
with that described in 1853 by Baird and called by him Tenia 
calva. 
The following is Baird’s £ description :— 
“ Tenia calva Baird, Cat. Entoz. Brit. Mus. 83. 
“ Head small, rounded and smooth, white and shining. Mouth 
unarmed. Neck constricted. Articulations of body at first very 
* Wor explanation of the Plates see p. 362 
+ Vet. Ac. Nya Handl. 1790, p. 129. 
£ Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. xxi. 1858, p. 24. 
