356 DR. A. E, SHIPLEY ON [ Mar. 16, 
was usually transverse to the long axis of the intestine. The 
larger nodules were of a pale dark- yellowish colour, while the 
smaller ones varied in shade from the more highly coloured 
areas to the neutral grey of the normal serosa, ‘lo the touch 
they gave the sensation that would be expected if the subserous 
and muscular coats were closely studded with small, oval; solid 
bodies. ‘The mucosa presented similar elevations. Attached 
to the mucosa over the nodules were a number of tapeworms. 
There were also in the more advanced cases a variable number 
of small (0°5 to 1 mm.) areas over the larger nodules in which 
the mucosa had sloughed, leaving small ulcerated depressions. 
“The larger nodules contained a greenish-yellow necrotic 
substance, Which appeared in the advanced stages as a seques- 
trum with a roughened surface. On section it has a 
glistening, homogeneous appearance. Surrounding the ne- 
crotic substance was a thin layer of infiltrated tissue. The 
smaller nodules contained a more purulent-like substance and 
the smallest appeared to the naked eye as areas of infiltration. 
Sections of the affected intestine showed upon microscopic 
examination that the heads of the tape-worms had penetrated 
the mucous membrane and were situated in different layers of 
the intestinal wall (cf Pl. LX. fig. 17). They were frequently 
observed between villi. As would be expected, the heads were 
not readily detected in the necrotic masses contained in the 
larger nodules, but were almost invariably seen in the smaller 
ones. Ina few sections the tape-worm could be traced through 
the mucosa to the nodule in the muscular tissue in which its 
head appeared, In the earlier stage of the nodular development 
there is a cell infiltration about the head of the worm, This 
process continues until the infiltrated tissue reaches a con- 
siderable size. 
* The worms attached to the mucosa were usually small. A 
larger form was commonly found in the intestinal contents. 
Although macroscopically they appeared to be different, 
Doctor Stiles found that they were presumably of the same 
species. 
* Keonomie Importance.—The importance of this disease is 
much greater than it at first appears, as the close resemblance 
of the nodules to those of tuberculosis renders it of much 
significance from a differential standpoint. As the intestines 
are stated to be frequently the seat of the specific lesions of 
tuberculosis in fowls, it is of the greatest importance that a 
thorough examination be made before a positive diagnosis is 
pronounced. There are already several statements concerning 
the presence of tuberculosis in fowls in which the data given 
are not suttiicient to differentiate the disease from the one here 
described. A somewhat analogous disease of sheep caused by 
a nematode (Z’sophagostoma columbianum Curtice) has led to 
the deliberate destruction of many animals, the owners believing 
that tuberculosis was being eliminated from their flocks, 
