496 - MR. F. E. BEDDARD ON THE [Apr. 27, 
the brain was severed from the spinal cord some little way behind 
the medulla before I commenced its study. Into the circle of 
Willis the carotids enter rather far back; and in front of them, 
but still behind the sylvian artery, there was an ophthalmic 
artery, as I presume it to be, on the right side only: I found no 
trace of one on the left. A remarkable feature about the circle of 
Willis of this Hyzena is the great length of the anterior commu- 
nicating artery, which lay in a loose circle posteriorly. Generally 
speaking, this artery is short and straight. 
The iliac arteries in the specimen of Galidia were not sym- 
metrical, as they are stated to be by Mivart * in other diluroidea. 
The two larger external iliacs are produced by the terminal final 
bifureation of the aorta. From the left of these arises a trunk 
which continues for a short distance in the same straight lne as 
the aorta and then divides into the two internal iliacs. It is 
perhaps worth while mentioning that I found an asymmetry the 
precise converse of this in a Squirrel (Sciwrus prevosti). In this 
animal the aorta ended in the same way, by dividing to form the 
two external iliacs. From the right of these arose a branch 
which shortly divided to form the two internal iliacs. 
3. On the Posteaval Vein and its Branches in certain 
Mammals. By Frank KE. Bepparp, M.A., F.R.S., 
F.Z.8., Prosector to the Society. 
[Received April 8, 1909. } 
(Text-figures 132-139.) 
In studying the venous system of a large number of Mammals 
at the Prosectorium at the Zoological Society’s Gardens I have 
relied entirely upon naturally injected veins. And indeed veins 
turgid with their own blood are better for this study than arti- 
ficial injections. For, in the first place, error is absolutely elimi- 
nated, inasmuch as no injection-fluid can escape and give rise to 
apparent branches which have no existence; and, secondly, it is 
always possible to press upon the contained blood, and thus 
ascertain the reality of anastomoses, which can be readily missed 
in a defective artificial injection. Moreover, in animals which 
have died with their veins full of blood, minute branches which 
might be missed in other specimens, and which might not be 
reached by an artificial injection, are plainly revealed. I have, 
therefore, in the present communication only dealt with those 
out of the many specimens which I have dissected during many 
past years that were in a good condition for this particular 
study, and have rejected the data derived from anzemic examples. 
Thus I have every reason to believe that the facts which I now 
bring before the Society are accurate. It is now well known 
* P. Z.S. 1882, p. 515. 
