540 DR. R. W. SHUFELDY ON THE COMPARATIVE OSTEOLOGY [ Apr. 27, 
length of 1-7 ems. Considering its size, the proximal end of the 
bone is expanded in Leptocoma gray, and the processes at the 
distal extremity conspicuous; otherwise the characters are quite 
identical with those in the humerus of 4. magna. It has alength 
of 1-3 ems. 
Cinnyris chalybeus has the caput humeri but very slightly 
hollowed out, and the bone has almost the appearance of being 
non-pneumatic. In any event, by the aid of a strong lens, I 
failed to find pneumatic foramina at the base of the fossa. 
The radial crest is considerably aborted, and a long shallow 
notch cuts out a portion of its free continuity. The bone is 
1:2 ems. long. 
Among the Cerebide, Diglossa baritula has a non-pneumatic 
humerus, measuring in length 1:2 cms. Its distal processes and 
tuberosities are made conspicuous by their distinctness—clean- 
cut and produced, as it were. There is not a little hollowing out 
of the head of the bone next to the pneumatic fossa, the concavity 
being fairly well separated from the latter by a thin osseous 
partition, as in 4. magna. These two cavities practically merge 
in such a form as Anthreptes malaccensis, and the partition 
between them in other species, though well produced, has with- 
drawn toward the proximal end of the bone. It has a length of 
1-6 cms. and appears to be non-pneumatie. 
In Cyanerpes cyanea this mergence of the pneumatic fossa and 
the very profound excavation of the caput humeri is practically 
complete—the merest vestige of an osseous partition existing 
between them. The radial crest is very short ; and this humerus, 
too, ERE S to be non-pneumatic or very largely so. It hasa 
length of 1:5 ems. Without particularly examining this bone in 
other Nectariniids, Ceerebide, or Certhiide though it may be 
said with respect to the latter that in Climacteris scandens the 
humerus presents very different characters, for in it the caput 
humerit is not hollowed out at all, the pneumatic fossa is very 
open, the foramina large, the entire bone pneumatic, and the 
shaft somewhat curved (length 2 ems. )—we may pass toa study 
of the bone in the Meliphagide. Here in Acanthorhg ynchus, 
Entomyza cyanotis, and Acanthogenys rutigularis the caput humeri 
never exhibits the slightest indication of any hollowing out 
or any cavity leading in to it next to the pneumatic fossa. 
The latter is large, deep, with its free margin much thickened, 
and the pneumatic foramina at its bottom big and more or less 
numerous, as the bone in these birds is ‘highly pneumatic. 
The subeylindrical shaft displays to same degree the sigmoidal 
curve and in some species is stout for its length, as in 
Prosthemadera nove-hollandie. he radial crest is short and 
not very prominent, while the tubercles and processes at the 
distal end are so. 
Passing to the bones of the antibrachium, carpus, and manus 
we find that they present among these families, including 
