104 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Lettirs. 



Granville speaks of copper among the Indians of Vir- 

 ginia which was said to have been obtained of the Shaw- 

 nees. It was of the color of our copper, but much softer. 

 (Granville's voyages in 1685. Vol. 12, p. 580.) 



William IST. Rogers, for several years connected with the 

 Indian agency at Keshena, Wisconsin, told me that he fre- 

 quently saw copper implements in the hands of the Chippe- 

 ways and Winnebagoes. Many of their pipes were orna- 

 mented with copper. 



One celebrated calumet which formerly belonged to Black 

 Hawk, now owned by a Winnebago chief, has a broad rim 

 of copper with great blotches of native silver. 



The following is a copy of a letter of the Hon. Saterlee 



Clark, former Indian agent for the Winnebagoes from 1828 



to 1830: 



HORICON, Wis., Mav 9th, 1881. 

 Dr. p. R. Hoy: 



My Dear Sir — In answer to your communication, Feb., 27th, * * * 



"When I first came among the Winnebagoes many of them had copper- 

 headed weapons. 



Many of tliem carried lances lieaded with copper, and it was quite com- 

 m.on to see arrows headed with copper. Masses of virgin copper both large 

 and small were often found scattered about, but particularly in the sand 

 on the beacli of the Wisconsin. Tbis was so pure and soft that it was no 

 trouble to shape it to suih them. 



I have never seen any native copper vessels among them of any descrip- 

 tion, of their own manufacture. Very respectfully, 



[Sgned.] SAT. CLARK. 



The original is in my possession. 



I have a perfect copper implement eight inches in length, 

 tapering to a fine point at one end and to a blunt point at 

 the other, form square, each side at the center three- 

 eighths of an inch wide. It was ploughed up with a few 

 Indian bones by William Hass in the town of Caledonia. 

 This grave was situated on a high bank overlooking the 

 Root river. I inspected the grave. 



John Trasen, living near the river, told me that there 

 were Indian bones sticking out of the river bank. On visit- 

 ing the spot we found three graves partially uncovered by 

 the washing away of the bank. Two of the skeletons were 



