Ancient Villages Among Emblematic Mounds. 167 



a guard to the entrance; beyond this, following along the 

 brow of a gentle slope of land were other oblong mounds. 

 A little further on to the south and west was another 

 panther effigy, the effigy this time situated at an opening 

 between the oblong mounds, but with the body running par- 

 allel with the mounds, and thus forming a guard across the 

 opening on the other oblong mounds and effigy mounds. 

 Here the efQ.gy was that of an eagle or hawk which seemed 

 to guard the village on this side, and formed the bend of 

 the wall. Other oblong mounds were situated on the edge 

 of the rise of ground, forming a quasi wall at the south of 

 the enclosure, and turning back toward the north formed 

 also a partial wall upon the east side. The situation of the 

 village was on a rise of ground within the enclosure, which 

 was formed by the oblong mounds. There was no evidence 

 of a stockade, but the earth-works so surrounded the village 

 and site that they may have served as a partial defense. 

 The entrances to the village were also guarded by mounds 

 which were peculiarly arranged. The one where the panther 

 effigy was had a double line of oblong mounds; the middle 

 entrance was also guarded by oblong mounds, but had no 

 effigies near it. 



The means used for defending the locality prove that 

 it was a village. The enclosure covered an area of about 

 one hundred and sixty acres. The mounds surround 

 the edge of the enclosure forming a fragmentary wall. They 

 needed only to be attended with stockades to form a splendid 

 defense against approaching enemies on three sides, while on 

 the other side the marsh and low land furnished a natural de- 

 fense. There was a double advantage or use to these oblong 

 mounds, while they furnished platforms from which warriors 

 could shoot approaching enemies. They also furnished plat- 

 forms on which the inhabitants could sit and watch the busy 

 life of the village within the enclosure. The entrance and 

 covered ways would indicate that there was a form of ar- 

 rangement of the houses, possibly streets ran through the 

 villages, and a square may have existed in the centre. Effi- 

 gies guarded the village at either side and gave the village 

 the sense of protection. (See Fig. 3.) 



