168 Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters. 



The spot where the village is located is a beautiful one. It 

 is at present covered with a sturdy growth of oak trees and 

 is a very attractive place. The shade of the trees protects 

 the spot from the glaring heat of the sun during the warm 

 seasons, end the surrounding forest would protect also the 

 village from the sweeping winds and drifting snows during 

 the cold season. The presence of the caches and of the eflB- 

 gies and oblong mounds show that it was a permanent 

 dwelling place. As an additional protection to the village, 

 there were at the south of the village site a large number of 

 bird effigies. These are scattered over the surface of the hill 

 at this end of the village forming an abatis which might 

 serve both as a screen for hunters and as a guard against 

 the approach of an enemy. 



The discovery of burial mounds in the vicinity indicated 

 also that it was a place of permanent residence. These 

 burial mounds were on the lowland adjoining the river. 

 They are so situated that they form an outlook along the 

 valley of the stream, but are in close proximity to the vil- 

 lage site itself. These mounds have not been excavated 

 but their shape and size would indicate that they were 

 burial mounds. 



(6.) The outworks, or groups of mounds in the vicinity of 

 the village are worthy of notice. There are mounds on land 

 belonging to Mr. Rose, on section 2c, one mile or more dis- 

 tant. These mounds are situated near the line of the bluff 

 overlooking the valley of the river, just at the point where 

 the stream and the marsh join. These mounds are nearly 

 obliterated, and their design could not be ascertained. They 

 were, however, so situated in relation to the river and marsh 

 and land adjoining, as to give rise to the idea that they 

 were used possibly for game j drives. The effigies were in a 

 wheat field and could not be identified. The* out- works 

 which most interested us were those situated on the edge of 

 the sa:£ne marsh or lake, three miles to the west. These have 

 been described by Dr. Lapham;* he calls them the mounds at 

 Crawfordsville, although there is no village there and never 

 was. The peculiarity of these works is that they are 



*See Lapham's Antiquities. 



