Ancient Villages Among Emblematic Mounds. 175 



servers, called a fort. If we were not well acquainted with 

 the works in Ohio and elsewhere, which show that the 

 mound builders were considerably advanced in military arts, 

 we might suppose that this was intended for a rude fortifi- 

 cation, but we can only regard it as an accidental arrange- 

 ment, and not designed for any such purpose. Dr. Lapham's 

 first impression of this locality was, however, a correct one. 

 The mound builders' works were not all alike, and the sys- 

 tem of defense which existed in Ohio would not be very likely 

 to have appeared in Wisconsin. The emblematic mound 

 builders defended their villages in a way peculiar to them- 

 selves. These fragmentary walls surrounding an enclosure 

 were the means of defense by which the people guarded 

 their villages. The ground on which the village is located 

 is surrounded by low land, the same as that at Great Bend. 

 The oblong mounds are erected near the edge of the rise 

 of ground, and form a broken wall around the whole^ 

 making four sides of an enclosure, instead of three, as was 

 the case in the former village. (See Fig. 7.) 



4th. The eJffigies are quite similar. There are panther and 

 wolf effigies both on the summit of the hill and upon its 

 side. The effigies form a guard or defense to the enclosure 

 and fill in the spaces between the oblong mounds. There 

 is also a similar arrangement of parallel mounds which 

 may be considered as forming the village, resembling that at 

 Great Bend, but farther removed from the circumvallation 

 and not so distinctly marked as a covered way. Still the 

 analogy is worthy of notice. 



oth . The covered way is another indication of a village site. 

 There are or may be vilage sites which do not have this, but the 

 parallel walls which lead to an enclosure may be generally 

 regarded as an evidence that a village site has been reached. 

 This is true, both among the emblematic mounds of Wiscon- 

 sin and the earth-works of Ohio. Whether any such covered 

 way can be found in other localities, it is true that in these 

 two states it is peculiar to village sites. Marietta and New- 

 ark, Great Bend and Waukesha, may be compared, as the 

 same feature is common to all. 



