90 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 



red shales below. In a former Paper I think published in tlie 

 Proceeding-s, I called attention to the boulder clay resting on 

 the Niagara chert, as also underlying- the Burlington Heights. 

 The Antient Lake Iroquois Beach of Dr. Spencer I omitted 

 to state. It may be found also at the foot of "The Escarp- 

 ment" whenever landslides take place there. 



It is well known to the section that the Glacial Grooves, 

 Scratches, etc., are nearly at right angles with the axis of 

 Lake Ontario, in this neighborhood, on the brow of the so- 

 called Mountain. Dr. G. I. Hinde remarked Scratches 

 (Glacial) corresponding- with the axis at both extremities of 

 Ontario, and inferred from this fact the excavation of the lake 

 itself was effected by glacial action. The late Dr. Newberry 

 considered "A Pre-glacial A^alley determined the direction of 

 the continental glacier. In a Paper read before the American 

 Philosophical Society, in 1881, by Dr. Spencer, F.G.S., on the 

 Origin of the Lower Great Lakes, the author remarks : "Only 

 in one instance, at Hamilton, have I noticed glacial scratches 

 and polishing corresponding with the axis of the Lake and 

 submerged Valley." The place referred to was a projecting 

 ledge of Medina Sandstone at the Russell Quarry, under "The 

 Mountain View Hotel." I was with him at the time, but an 

 old friend of mine called my attention previously to this mark- 

 ing on more than one quarry (since worked out) to the east 

 of the place in question. In every instance I noticed scratch- 

 ing and polishing, but not grooving, such as you may see when 

 the soil and boulder clav are removed from the glaciated chert 

 beds on the Niagara Escarpment. While Dr. Spencer has, I 

 think, proved the existence of a great river and pre-glacial 

 valley in this neighborhood, perhaps he may find it more diffi- 

 cult to convince many Geologists in Canada that the late Dr. 

 Newberrv was quite mistaken in his views respecting glacial 

 action on this continent, when Director of the Ohio Survev. 

 The Report on the Surface Geology of this State, especially 

 that portion respecting "the Origin of the Great Lakes Erie, 

 Ontario," etc., is of great interest now, when we find such a 

 difference of opinion regarding this point among Field Geolo- 



