NORMAN : ON THE SIOLLUSCA OF BERGEN FIORDS. 1 1 



forms belonging to the genera Lituola, VahiiHna, Reophax, Hyper- 

 aininina^ Rhabdammina^ Saccanunina., and Astrorhiza. This mud 

 is zoologically very different not only from anything that we have in 

 the British Seas, but also from all those samples of sea-bottom 

 which I have examined from the North Atlantic, procured 

 by the 'Porcupine' and 'Valorous' expeditions. In the North 

 Atlantic sea-bed the dead shells of Globigerina and Orbulina 

 form the bulk of the " Globigerina-ooze," and indeed are found 

 in marvellous profusion everywhere, except in depths below 2500 

 fathoms, where they are dissolved ; but in the Norwegian Fiords 

 which I have examined, inorganic material forms the bulk of the 

 mud, and of the Foraminifera living among it the Bulimina allies 

 and arenaceous forms constitute by far the greatest percentage. In 

 200-400 fathoms on this mud Hydrozoa and Polyzoa are almost 

 entirely absent, Perigonimus abyssi, G. O. Sars, is, I think, the 

 only Hydrozoon I observed ; Crustacea are scarce, but represented 

 by Calocaris McAndret, Cumacea,* and a few Ostracoda (Macro- 

 cypris minna, Cythere abyssicoia, echinata, and Cytherella) ; Anne- 

 lids are numerous ; while the molluscan fauna is very rich, and 

 well represented by many recently described and interesting forms, 

 especially Yoldia (including the rare frigida and messanensis)^ 

 Malletia obtusa, Axinus of several species including eumyai'his^ 

 Decipula ovafa, Pecten vitreus^ Dentaliiiin striolafum, Siphonodenta- 

 liiim Lofote7ise and tetragonitin ; Cadulns propinqims, Cydostrema 

 basistriatum, Rissoa abyssicoia^ Euliina stenostoma^ Taranis Mdrcht, 

 Pleiiroionia cylindracca, &c. 



The fauna in 50-200 fathoms in this Fiord is also very rich 

 and interesting. 



Bukken is a rocky islet and anchorage situated in the centre 

 of a little group of islets which occupy the midchannel when a 



* The investigations of Professor G. O. Sars have proved that there is 

 a very rich fauna of Mysidea and Ciunacea at these depths, but my dredge was 

 too heavy and did not pass sufficiently rapidly over the ground to take many of 

 these active swimmers. 



