226 



SCIENCE. 



[isr. S. Vol. XX. No. 503. 



ducements are freely offered. Dr. Tombo 

 states that Columbia has almost 700 resi- 

 dent candidates for the higher degrees, yet 

 it conferred only 29 doctorates at the re- 

 cent commencement. A large number of 

 masters' degrees was conferred, but the 

 men receiving this degree stop short of 

 research. 



TABLE I. 

 DOCTOEATES CONFEEKBD. 



Tale 



Chicago... 

 Harvard . 

 Johns Hopkins 



Columbia 



Pennsylvania 



Cornell 



Clark 



Michigan 



New York .... 



Wisconsin 



Virginia 



Columbia 



Minnesota 



Brown 



Bryn Mawr ... 



California 



Princeton 



Boston 



Stanford 



Nebraska 



Washington... 

 Georgetown... 



Vanderbilt 



Colorado 



Kansas 



Lafayette 



North Carolina 

 Cincinnati 



Iowa 



Lehigh .... 

 Syracuse.. 

 Missouri ... 

 Tulane 



233 



228 



220 



205 



201 



145 



122 



48 



47 



44 



40 



22 



18 



17 



16 



16 



15 



13 



11 



10 



7 



5 



4 



4 



3 



3 



3 



3 



2 



2 



2 



2 



1 



1 



The 1,713 men who have received the 

 doctor's degree during the past seven years 

 have not been selected by a severe process 

 of elimination, but have in large measure 

 been artificially encouraged. Probably not 

 more than one in five of them will advance 

 science or learning to a significant extent. 

 Yet perhaps one half of all academic ap- 

 pointments are made from this small group. 

 Science here suffers severely as compared 

 with medicine or law, each of which pro- 

 fessions receives some 5,000 recruits an- 



nually, allowing ample material for selec- 

 tion for the higher positions. 



The first table gives details in regard 

 to the universities which have conferred 

 the degree during the past seven years. 

 Harvard this year conferred 46 degrees, 

 which is the largest number on the records. 

 Yale, which like Harvard does not require 

 the publication of the doctors' disserta- 

 tions, still stands first in point of numbers, 

 followed by Chicago, where the numbers 

 are considerably augmented by degrees con- 

 ferred on students of theology. A group 

 of five universities conferred 181 out of 

 281 degrees. Wisconsin conferred 10 and 

 Michigan 8 degrees; in view of the con- 

 stant strengthening of the state universi- 

 ties and the large number of students from 

 the central and western states who pursue 

 graduate studies in the eastern institutions, 

 we may expect a considerable increase in 

 the number of degrees granted by the state 

 universities. It is somewhat surprising 

 that California and Stanford have together 

 conferred the degree but twenty-five times 

 in seven years. 



TABLE n. 



DOCTOEATES CONFEEEED IN THE SCIENCES. 



Chemistry 



Physics 



Zoology 



Psychology 



Mathematics .. 



Botany 



Geology 



Physiology 



Astronomy 



Education 



Sociology 



Paleontology .. 

 Bacteriology .. 

 Anthropology 



Agriculture 



Anatomy 



Engineering.. . 



Mineralogy 



Pathology 



Meteorology ... 



205 

 99 

 92 

 89 

 81 

 79 

 49 

 27 

 24 

 18 

 18 

 11 

 10 



The second table gives details in regard 

 to the natural and exact sciences, in which 



