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SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XX. No. 511. 



lish training, whose ceaseless productivity 

 makes him already in the widening fields 

 he cultivates our American Wundt in a 

 thoroughly and sometimes radically recon- 

 structed and improved edition; Baldwin, 

 the first here to attempt a logic of biology 

 and sociology and evolution that should 

 apply to genetic psychology ; Dewey, who, 

 much as he achieved in logic and general 

 psychology, has done perhaps yet more to 

 make these topics fruitful for education ; 

 Cattell, pioneer in founding two labora- 

 tories, the foremost editor in our ranks, 

 who has boldly grappled the vast problem 

 of individual psychology in a way which, 

 if solved, must make even biography more 

 scientific ; in other related fields Royce, Or- 

 mond, Howison, Fullerton, Strong, who 

 have done so much to restore the faltering 

 belief in soul, freedom, God and ultimate 

 reality; Cowles, Donaldson, Myer, Hoch, 

 Herrick, each marking advances either in 

 exploring the obscure psychoses of mental 

 aberration, advancing our knowledge of the 

 brain, correlating psychic symptoms and 

 neural and somatic changes, and making 

 the asylum tributary to science — these in- 

 adequate references, not to mention my 

 own associates or even the score or two of 

 younger men whose work already gives 

 promise of a future richer in results than 

 the past, and omitting, solely because I am 

 too ignorant to speak of it, the department 

 of sociology, bracketed with ours to-day, 

 but which has also made advances perhaps 

 hardly less signal — these suggest my theme, 

 which is simply a plea for yet more differ- 

 entiation and specialization between men, 

 departments and institutions, and certain 

 modifications of method in our rapidly 

 widening field. 



The idealist who holds that the world is 

 man 's concept and that all science is a part 

 of psychology can hardly object to the far 

 more modest claim that it really does prop- 

 erly include logic, ethics, religion, esthetics, 



epistemology and metaphysics, and those 

 who with Lotze still cling to that dear old 

 tradition of the theoretic life that its su- 

 preme joy is to attain the fullest expression 

 of one's own personality in a comprehen- 

 sive philosophical system, must not carp if 

 one who long since abandoned the youthful 

 hope of attaining this felicity vents his own 

 individuality a little, as, with your kind in- 

 dulgence, I beg leave to do, excused some- 

 what by the conviction that all systems, the 

 most meager and the best alike, are only 

 human documents, empirical data, votes, 

 resumes, returns, to be used at last as em- 

 pirical data for some greater synthesis of 

 the future. If psychology is already far 

 more than a subdepartment of physiology, 

 anthropology and psychiatry, or a subsec- 

 tion in a philosophical system as of old, if 

 we may justly reject for it the place as- 

 signed it in the hierarchy of Compte and 

 Spencer as a link between biology and so- 

 ciology and now base it no less upon the 

 latter than upon the former, and not only 

 claim for it an independence already 

 achieved, but look forward to its ultimate 

 hegemony in all the fields involving man's 

 higher nature, or as being in a word the 

 culmination of humanism, it follows that 

 we must regard all that all of us have so 

 far done as only a prelude, that much of 

 our work must be done over again, that the 

 history of philosophy, instead of being phi- 

 losophy itself, is to be subordinated as psy- 

 chological material for a truer and far 

 more comprehensive natural history of 

 mind, and that the best of us are only 

 morning stars which will pale and be for- 

 gotten as day advances. 



If the germs of soul are as old as life 

 itself and if its types are as distinct and as 

 persistent as those of morphology, then, 

 though we can no more define it than we 

 can life, must we not draw the momentous 

 inference that consciousness alone is a very 

 partial and inadequate organ of experience 



