SCIENCE 



A WEEKLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, PUBLISHING THE 



OFFICIAL NOTICES AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 



FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. 



Friday, October 21, 1904. 



CONTENTS: 

 The History of Anthropology: Professor 

 Franz Boas 513 



Plant Morphology : Professor F. 0. Bower. 524 



Scientific Books: — 



The Belgian Antarctic Expedition: Dr. W. 



H. Dall 536 



Scientific Journals and Articles 536 



Societies and Academies: — ■• 



Clemson College Science Club: Haven 

 Metcalf 537 



Discussion and Correspondence: — 



Variue Auctoritatis : Dr. S. F. Emmons. 

 The Sicallowing of Stones ty Seals: F. A.. 

 Lucas. Animals at Rome in Ancient 

 Times: C. R. E 537 



Special Articles: — 



Ornithological Notes from the New York 

 Zoological Park: C. William Beebe. 

 Height Measurements of the African 

 Pygmies: S. P. Veener 538 



Current Notes on Meteorology: — . 



The Teaching of Meteorology; Weather 

 Forecasts from the Humming of Wires; 

 Monthly Weather Review; Indian Meteor- 

 ology : Professor R. DeC. Ward 540 



Scientific Notes and News 541 



University and Educational Netcs 544 



MSS. iuteudedfor pahlication and books, etc.. intended 

 for review should be sent to the Editor of Science, Barri- 

 son-on-BtiiflBon, N. Y. 



THE HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGY.* 



I HAVE been asked to speak on the history 



of anthropology. The task that has been 



allotted to me is so vast and the time at my 



* Address at the International Congress of Arts 

 and Science, St. Louis, September, 1904. 



disposal is so short, that it will be impos- 

 sible to do justice to the work of the minds 

 that have made anthropology what it is. It 

 would even be futile to characterize the 

 work of the greatest among the contributors 

 to our science. All that I can undertake to 

 do is to discuss the general conditions of 

 scientific thought that have given rise to 

 anthropology. 



Viewing my task from this standpoint, 

 you will pardon me if I do not first attempt 

 to define what anthropology ought to be, 

 and with what subjects it ought to deal, but 

 if I take my cue rather from what it is, 

 and how it has developed. 



Before I enter into my subject I will say 

 that the speculative anthropology of the 

 18th and of the early part of the 19th cen- 

 tury is distinct in its scope and method 

 from the science which is called anthropol- 

 ogy at the present time and is not included 

 in our discussion. 



At the present time anthropologists oc- 

 cupy themselves with problems relating to 

 the physical and mental life of mankind as 

 found in varying forms of society, from 

 the earliest times up to the present period, 

 and in all parts of the world. Their re- 

 searches bear Upon the form and functions 

 of the body as well as upon all kinds of 

 manifestations of mental life. Accord- 

 ingly, the subject matter of anthropology 

 is partly a branch of biology, partly a 

 branch of the mental sciences. Among the 

 mental phenomena language, invention, art, 

 religion, social organization and law have 

 received particular attention. Among an- 

 thropologists of our time we find a consid- 



