NovEMBEU 25, 1904.] 



SCIENCE. 



731 



while the summit of the mountain is 2,650 

 feet. The list includes 570 native and 120 

 introduced species. 



E. S. Cratty's 'Flora of Emmet County, 

 Iowa,' enumerates the plants of a prairie area 

 in northern Iowa. Here the surface is gently 

 rolling, and there are no rock exposures within 

 the county. The general surface has an ele- 

 vation of about 1,500 feet above the sea, and 

 its latitude is within a couple of degrees of 

 that of the area covered by Mr. Kennedy's list. 

 Mr. Cratty's list includes 532 native and 58 

 introduced species. Comparing the two we 

 find that there are 42 species of trees in the 

 Willoughby flora, and 31 in Emmet County. 

 The representation of the principal families 

 and larger groups is as follows (introduced 

 species are given after the plus sign (+)) : 



Willoughby. Emmet. 



Pteridophytes 63 9 



Gymnosperms 9 1 



NaiadacesE 8 13 



Vallisneriacese 1 2 



Graminese 40+22 54+9 



Cyperaeese 76 53 



Juncacese 11 6 



Liliaceffi 15+3 15+1 



Orehidacese 27 5 



Salicacese 12 11 



Betulaeese 8 2 



FagacesB 2 2 



Ulmaeeee 2 3 



PolygonacesE 4+8 13+2 



Chenopodiacese 1+1 2+2 



Caryophyllaceae 1+1 3+3 



Nymphaeacese 3+1 2 



RanunculaceEe 14+4 21 



Crueifera3 7 + 10 10+7 



Rosaeese 19 15 



Pomaces 6+1 5 



Drupaeea; 4 3 



CaesalpiniaeeEe 1 



Papilionaceai 2+7 23+6 



Euphorbiacese 0+1 2 



AquifoliaceiE 2 



Hypericaeese 5+1 2 



Violacese 11 + 1 3 



Umbelliferaj 6+3 11+2 



Cornaeese 4 5 



Erieacete 22 



Gentianaceae 2 5 



AsclepiadacesE 1 8 



Boraginaeese 1 4+1 



Verbenacese 3 



Willoughby. Emmet. 



LabiateiE 10+7 14+2 



SolanaceEe 1 3+2 



Scrophulariaeeae 3+3 14+1 



Rubiacese 6 5 



Caprifoliaceae 10+1 6 



Campanulaceae 4+1 4 



Compositai ' 64+21 70+10 



The small representation of Pteridophytes, 

 Gymnosperms, sedges, orchids, violets and 

 Ericaceae, in Emmet County, and the larger 

 numbers which it has of Naiadacese, native 

 Graminese, native Polygonacese, Papilionacese, 

 VerbenaceEB, Solanaceae, and native Compositse, 

 are remarkable. 



TREES AND SHRUBS IN CANADA. 



A RECENT bulletin (47) issued by the Cana- 

 dian Department of Agriculture contains the 

 results of a large number of trials of trees 

 and shrubs which have been planted at the ex- 

 perimental farms at Brandon and Indian 

 Head, situated respectively in the provinces of 

 Manitoba and Assiniboia. These farms are 

 on the Great Plains of Canada, near latitude 

 50° north. After sixteen years of testing a 

 large number of species, the following are the 

 more important trees and shrubs which have 

 proved quite hardy : box elder, Tartarian 

 maple, western June-berry, paper birch, Siber- 

 ian pea-tree, Siberian dog-wood, red-osier dog- 

 wood, hazel-nut, hawthorns (several species), 

 broom, Russian olive, green ash, honeysuckles 

 (several species), balsam poplar, cottonwood, 

 black poplar, aspen, western wild cherry, pin- 

 cherry, Canada plum, Siberian crab-apple, 

 mountain ash, bur-oak, buckthorn (several 

 species), smooth sumach, roses (several 

 species), willows (several species), buiialo 

 berry, spirajas (several species), snowberry, 

 lilacs (several species), white elm, white 

 spruce, black spruce, Engehnann's spruce, 

 blue spruce, jack pine, stone pine, Scotch pine, 

 Riga pine and tamarack. The bulletin must 

 prove most useful for Canadian planters. 

 Charles E. Bessey. 



The Univeksitt op Nebraska. 



A NOTE ON WESTERN FARM VALUES. 

 Northern and eastern Iowa comprise one 

 of the most highly developed agricultural dis- 



