December 28, 1888.] 



SCIENCE. 



233 



STANLEY AND EMIN PACHA. 



While the Arabs in Suakin were reported to have captured Emin 

 Pacha and Stanley, news reached Leopoldville that Stanley had re- 

 turned to the Kongo, and the indications are that this report is 

 trustworthy. The first telegram was from Zanzibar, dated Dec. 



" Letters dated Stanley Falls, Aug. 28, have been delivered here 

 by Tippo-Tip's men. They state that a letter was received at 

 Stanley Falls from Henry M. Stanley on Aug. 28. Stanley was 

 then at Banyala, on the Al'uvimi, where he had arrived on Aug. 17. 

 He had left Emin Pacha eighty-two days before, in perfect health, 

 and provided with plenty of food. Stanley had returned to Banya- 

 la for the loads of stores in charge of his rearguard, and intended 

 to leave ten days later to rejoin Emin. He reported all the whites 

 in the expedition as healthy, and said the expedition wanted noth- 

 ing. In the Stanley Falls advices it is stated that Stanley wrote 

 that Emin was in possession of vast stores of ivory and many oxen, 

 and that he had an abundance of food. Stanley intended to leave 

 Banyala at the end of August." 



This was followed by another despatch, stating that the.se mes- 

 sengers came by way of Udjidji and Unyanyembe. They were 

 said to confirm the other accounts, that Stanley had left Emin with 

 Casati, and that both were perfectly well. 



On Dec. 22 this news was amplified, and the following detailed 

 telegram sent from Zanzibar : — 



" One of the special messengers sent into the interior in October, in 

 the hope of obtaining news of Emin and Stanley from caravans, has 

 sent a despatch announcing that he met Arab traders from Wa- 

 delai, who positively affirmed that Stanley met Emin there about 

 Jan. 20. Stanley, the traders said, had 330 men and plenty of 

 stores. He had endured great privations, but he and all his party 

 were well, although extremely exhausted. The delay in reaching 

 Wadelai was due to difficulties encountered on the route, the ex- 

 pedition having to make a long detour toward the north-east in 

 order to avoid swamps and hostile tribes. 



" Emin was then in a fairly good position, although some of his 

 Egyptian officers were grumbling, and many of his soldiers had 

 deserted. The Ivingsof Uganda and Unyoro were hostile to Emin, 

 who was obliged in November to repel predatory incursions from 

 the east. His general health was good, but he had been suffering 

 from an affection of the eyes for two months. 



"A fortnight after Stanley's arrival, Emin received, via Lado, a 

 message from the Mahdi pompously intimating his intention to sub- 

 due the whole country as far as the great lakes, and promising 

 .good treatment if Emin submitted. Emin replied that before 

 evacuating he must wait for the Mahdi to prove the legitimacy of 

 his claim to the province. 



•■ Stanley, in the mean time, applied himself to restoring order 

 among the troops, and distributing stores and munitions. Emin 

 told Stanley that he did not desire to leave Wadelai. The entire 

 route to the east coast was most dangerous on account of the in- 

 cessant agitation among the tribes and the hostility of Mwanga. 

 Toward the middle of April, hearing that a force of Mahdists was 

 coming, Emin ordered his advanced posts between Dufile and Lado 

 to retire to Wadelai, and Stanley sent messengers to the Kings of 

 Uganda and Unyoro. 



" About the end of April, when the traders left Wadelai, Stanley 

 was anxious, owing to the absence of news from the rear guard on 

 the Aruvimi, and was arranging to send a strong detachment in 

 search of them along the route which he himself had followed. 

 Stanley also again urged Emin to leave Wadelai with him and re- 

 .gain the coast. Stanley sent out several couriers with news for 

 Europe. One was the courier who was sent by the foreign con- 

 suls at Zanzibar to apprise Emin of the departure of the relief ex- 

 pedition. This courier had remained at Wadelai. and was sent 

 back to the east coast after the arrival of Stanley. Another courier 

 was sent in the direction of the Aruvimi." 



By a remarkable coincidence a despatch giving information of a 

 similar character was sent from St. Thomas on Dec. 21,2 P..M. It 

 was stated that Stanley, with Emin Pacha, had arrived on the Aru- 

 vimi. This news was confirmed on the following day in a telegram 

 to King Leopold of Belgium. 



It would be interesting to learn the exact time when the detailed 

 Zanzibar telegram was despatched. Former events show that re- 

 ports received from West Africa v/ere telegraphed to Zanzibar, and 

 returned wonderfully amplified. It is at least worth remarking, 

 that on Dec. 23 the London Tii/zes received a despatch from 

 Zanzibar stating that '• no details have been received hereof the re- 

 ported meeting of Stanley and Emin." The Brussels telegrams, 

 on the other hand, have generally proved trustworthy regarding the 

 main facts. 



There can be no doubt that Stanley had reached Emin about the 

 beginning of the current year, and that he has retraced his steps to 

 the, Kongo. The news does not disprove the alleged capture of 

 Emin Pacha. We may hope to receive further and more detailed 

 news in a fortnight or three weeks. 



SCIENTIFIC NEWS IN WASHINGTON. 

 Ojibwa Folk-Lore. 



Dr. W. J. Hoi-i-.M.\N of the Bureau of Ethnology read a short 

 paper at a recent meeting of the Anthropological Society of Wash- 

 ington, entitled ' Notes on Ojibwa Folk-Lore,' in which a brief re- 

 view was given of his researches among that tribe of Indians dur- 

 ing the years 1887 and 1888. He has finally succeeded in obtaining 

 the ritual, mnemonic songs, initiation and pictographic charts em- 

 bracing the cosmogony, and institution of the Midewiwin, or Grand 

 Medicine Society, and of the Dji bai Midewigan, or Ghost Lodge. 



The former consists of four distinct degrees, each of which may 

 be entered by one, if properly prepared by the necessary prelimi- 

 nary fasts and visions, progress and acquirement of information in 

 chants and prayers, and proficiency in the skill expected of a Mide, 

 or Grand Medicine Man. 



In addition to this, life-size sketches were exhibited to show the 

 facial ornamentation adopted, and recognized as characteristic of 

 each degree. The ' Ghost Society ' is an organization closely con- 

 nected with the Grand Medicine Society, and is considered to be 

 the " lodge in which the departed Midc meet, to hold sessions, and 

 initiations of newly arrived spirits of .MidS who occupied honorable 

 positions among the Indians of this world." When a boy who had 

 been dedicated to the Grand Medicine Society dies, his father or 

 mother may become members of the first degree of the Grand 

 Medicine Society through the representatives of the Ghost Society, 

 this partaking of the character of a proxy. 



All the information about these two societies is now in preparation 

 for publication by the Bureau of Ethnology. 



Teton Folk-Lore. 



The following statements were made by Rev. J. Owen Dorsey, in 

 a paper entitled ' Teton Folk-Lore,' read before the .-Vnthropologi- 

 cal Society. The material used in the preparation of this paper 

 was translated by Mr. Dorsey from a collection of Teton texts, 

 written by George Bushotter, a Dakota Indian. 



The Tetons believe that the buffalo used to dwell in subterranean 

 lodges. When one sees a buffalo in a vision, the animal becomes 

 his guardian, rendering him almost invulnerable, putting a real buf- 

 falo inside of him, and conferring on him the right to take part in 

 the bufTalo dance. In the olden times there was also another spe- 

 cies of buffalo, about which marvellous tales are told. 



On one occasion some Indians were attacked by one of these 

 mysterious animals, and one of the party was killed. But the mon- 

 ster walked four times around the corpse, and said, " Arise ! " Im- 

 mediately the dead man revived. The monster said, " Hereafter 

 you shall be mysterious. The sun, moon, four winds, day. and 

 night shall serve you." From that time the man could assume any 

 shape. 



Gophers shoot at persons with the tip end of a species of grass, 

 wounding them in the neck, and causing scrofulous sores. Warts 

 betray a thief. If the skin of the hard palate peels off. the person 

 is given to lying. Whoever makes a practice of eating the large in- 

 testines of cattle (the t<j-s/ti-ya-/:a) is sure to "be hit by the s/ii-va- 

 l\i ; " i.e., he will have a boil. S/n-ra-i-a is the name of the dab- 

 chick or grebe. The boil will be on some covered part of the body. 

 The Tetons dare not go out on a windy night, lest the cause of 



