334 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XII. No. 308 



boils be blown to them. If a man eats the liver of a female dog, or 

 a woman eats that of a male dog. the face will break out in sores. 

 He who is given to eating the calves of the legs of any species of 

 animals will have a cramp in the muscles of his own legs. Tetons 

 are forbidden to wear women's moccasons, lest when they meet 

 their foes they cannot run swiftly. Children are not allowed to put 

 inverted bowls on their heads, because such a practice will make 

 them stop growing. 



Hunting-Lore. — He who steps in or on a bowl or dish will fail 

 to vifound any game : so dishes are turned upside down when not 

 in use. When one wishes to extract the marrow, he must not split 

 the bone in two. A violation of this custom will cause lameness or 

 frequent pains in the legs. Whoever breaks marrow-bones awk- 

 wardly cannot become a good marksman. The shoulder-blade of 

 a buffalo calf, or that of a doe, is hung on the outside of a tent, just 

 above the entrance, to insure success to the hunter a day or two 

 later. 



Interesting University Statistics. 



Among the statistical tables that are to accompany the forthcom- 

 ing annual report of the Bureau of Education, none are more inter- 

 esting than those relating to the universities, colleges, and scientific 

 schools of the United States. They are more valuable than ever 

 this year, because they are based upon more complete returns from 

 the institutions, and their value is greatly enhanced by the very in- 

 telligent discussion of the tables by Miss Annie Tolman Smith of 

 the bureau, who prepared them. 



One suggestive table gives the statistics of twelve of the leading 

 institutions of the country. They are Yale, Columbian University 

 (Washington), Johns Hopkins (Baltimore), Boston University, Har- 

 vard, Dartmouth College, College of New Jersey, Cornell Univer- 

 sity, Columbia College (New York), University of the City of New 

 York, University of Pennsylvania, and VaTiderbilt University (Nash- 

 ville). Of this table, it is remarked that the foundations of the in- 

 stitutions named " illustrate every source from which the material 

 equipments of the highest order of institutions are likely to arise, 

 e.xcepting State or national bounty. All of them have progressed 

 far enough to be judged by their actual work, and nearly all of them 

 have achieved more than national distinction. 



" The undergraduate work of five of these institutions is carried 

 on in colleges of arts and schools of science having their distinct 

 faculties and students ; in three, schools of science have distinct 

 recognition, although the faculties and students are not reported 

 separately from those of the college of arts ; in the remaining four, 

 the undergraduates are classified by the subjects or courses of study 

 pursued. 



" Graduate departments, not professional, are reported from ten 

 of the institutions. Seven of the ten report also professional schools, 

 as do the two that do not report a graduate department. The 

 graduate students include 7 per cent, and the professional students 

 50 per cent, of the students of their respective institutions. 



" Ten of the twelve foundations in question report productive 

 funds amounting in the aggregate to $24,567,745, which is 34 per 

 cent of the total productive funds reported for all colleges of liberal 

 arts, schools of science, and professional schools. The total receipts 

 for the year as reported from ten of the institutions were $2,474,- 

 463, which sum was made up as follows : income from productive 

 funds, 52 per cent ; receipts from tuition fees, 32 per cent ; State 

 appropriations, i per cent ; other sources, 15 per cent." 



Another table gives the statistics of twenty-four State universi- 

 ties. •' Fourteen of the universities report graduate students, and 

 seventeen report professional students, the number of the former 

 being 2 per cent, and of the latter 35 per cent, of the students of 

 their respective institutions. 



" With a single exception, all the State universities report their 

 productive funds, the aggregate amount being $6,881,045. The 

 total income reported for twenty-three of the universities is $1,302,- 

 042. This amount was made up as follows : income from produc- 

 tive funds, 32 per cent ; receipts from tuition fees, 1 1 per cent ; 

 from State appropriations, 49 per cent ; from other sources, 8 per 

 cent. Tuition fees, it will be seen, form but a small proportion of 

 the aggregate income ; the details show, further, that in three 

 cases only do they represent a comparatively large part of the in- 

 dividual incomes. 



" The attendance upon post-graduate courses in the State uni- 

 versities is small as compared with the same in the twelve univer- 

 sities referred to above. The number of graduate students in the 

 latter is 55 per cent of the entire number of such students reported 

 from all colleges and universities. 



" As regards professional schools, theology has no representation 

 in the State universities, and but four schools, with 372 students, in 

 the universities first mentioned. 



" The law schools in the table of State universities number 14, 

 with 973 students ; and in the twelve universities not supported at 

 public charge, 8, with 1,262 students. The number of medical 

 schools in the State universities is 11, with 969 students; and in 

 the twelve first mentioned, 9, with 2,412 students. The remaining 

 professional students are distributed in dental, pharmaceutical, and 

 veterinary schools. 



" The theological students of the twelve universities represent 4 per 

 cent of all such students reported ; the attendance upon law schools 

 in both tables, 70 per cent of all law students reported ; and the 

 attendance upon the medical schools, 28 per cent of the medical 

 students reported for the country at large." 



In this connection, the following facts derived from another 

 source may be interesting to the reader: In 1882-83 the total cost 

 of the Prussian universities was, in round numbers, $1,900,000. Of 

 this sum, 9.3 per cent was their own earnings from tuition fees, etc. : 

 the rest was the contribution of the State, 72 per cent being ordi- 

 nary and the remainder extraordinary contributions, — for build- 

 ings, etc. In the same year the expenditure for gymnasien, includ- 

 ing pro-gymnasien, was $3,813,355. The combined expenditure 

 for universities and gymnasien was, in round numbers, $5,700,000. 



Attendance upon Colleges and Scientific Schools. 



A table is given showing the attendance upon the colleges and 

 scientific schools of the country during the years 1S75-76 and 1S85- 

 86, and the ratio which such attendance bore to the population at 

 those dates. During the ten years there was a decrease of nine in 

 the number of colleges, and an increase of ten in the number of 

 scientific schools. The attendance upon the colleges at the later 

 date was 7,072 greater than at the earlier period. The percentages 

 of increase were 27 and 28 respectively, while the estimated in- 

 crease of population during the same ten years was 25. 



A comparative view of the relation of students to population by 

 divisions shows an mcrease in the number of students as compared 

 with population for colleges alone, and for both colleges and scien- 

 tific schools, in the North Atlantic and North Central divisions of 

 the country, and a decrease in the three remaining sections. It is 

 only fair to remark that in making the computations for the South 

 the colored population is included, and this brings the ratios of 

 students to population down to i to 2,489 and I to 2.350 respec- 

 tively in the two divisions of the South. If the blacks are excluded 

 from the computation, the ratios of students in colleges to popula- 

 tion in that section become i to 1,325 and i to 1,548 respectively, 

 and the number in colleges and scientific schools combined i to 

 1,051 and I to 1,429. 



HEALTH MATTERS. 



The cause of baldness, although long and diligently searched 

 for, yet remains undiscovered. The theories to account for the loss 

 of hair have been many and various. Mr. Eaton, in the Popular 

 Science Mont/ify. attributed it to the wearing of tightly fitting hair 

 coverings, living within doors, and keeping the hair closely cropped. 

 He thinks, also, that this condition is exaggerated by the influence 

 of heredity, and says that there is no reason why bald heads should 

 not yield to the laws of heredity as much as curly or red heads. 

 Mr. Gouinlock, in the same magazine, attributes baldness to the 

 high hat and the hard felt hat, both of which constrict the blood- 

 vessels which nourish the hair-bulbs. Dr. T. Wesley Mills, profes- 

 sor of physiology at McGill University, thinks that both of these 

 views indicate the direction in which the truth lies, but that neither 

 gets at it wholly. The degree to which such peculiarities as bald- 

 ness are inherited is one of the most disputed matters. Exposure 



