52 



SCIENCE. 



[Vol. XV. No. 364 



caravans consist mainly of the merciless Manyuema, from the country 

 between Tanganyika and Nyangwe, had laid waste a great area of 

 the region to be traversed by the expedition, so that between Aug. 3 [ 

 and Nov. 12 every man was famished ; and when at last the land 

 of devastation was left behind, and the native village of Ibwiri en- 

 tered, officers and men were reduced to skeletons. Out of the 389 

 who started, only 174 entered Ibwiri, the rest dead, or missing, or 

 left behind, unable to move, at Ugarowwa's. So weak was every- 

 body that seventy tons of goods and the boat had to be left at Ki- 

 linga Longa's with Captain Nelson and Surgeon Parke. 



A halt of thirteen days at Ibwiri, with its plenty of fowls, ba- 

 nanas, corn, yams, beans, restored everybody ; and 173 sleek and 

 robust men set out for the Albert Nyanza on Nov. 24. A week 

 later the gloomy and dreaded forest suddenly ended ; the open 

 country was reached ; the light of day was unobstructed ; it was 

 an emergence from darkness to light. But the difficulties were 

 not over; some little fighting with the natives on the populous 

 plateau was necessary before the lake could be reached. On the 

 1 2th the edge of the long slope from the Kongo to Lake Albert was 



on April 22 the expedition reached the chief Kavalli, who delivered 

 to Stanley a letter wrapped in American cloth. The note was 

 from Emin, and stated that he had heard rumors of Stanley's 

 presence in the district ; it begged Stanley to wait until Emiii could 

 communicate with him. The boat was launched, and Jephson set 

 off to find Emin. On the 29th the " Khedive " steamer came down 

 the lake with Emin, the Italian Casati, and Jephson on board. 

 The great object of the expedition seemed at last to be all but ful- 

 filled. 



But the end was not yet. There was the party at Fort Bodo ; 

 there were the sick further back with whom Lieutenant Stairs had 

 not returned when Stanley left the fort ; and, above all, there was 

 the rear column left at Yambuya with Major Barttelot. It would 

 take some time for Emin to bring down all his people from Wade- 

 lai and other stations. So after spending over three weeks with 

 the vacillating Emin, Stanley, on May 25, was once more on the 

 march back to Fort Bodo to bring up all hands. He left Jephson, 

 three Sudanese, and two Zanzibaris with Emin, who gave him 102 

 natives as porters, and three irregulars to accompany him back. 



CENTRAL AFRICA, BEFORE STANLEY. 



attained, and suddenly the eyes of all were gladdened by the sight 

 of the lake lying some three thousand feet almost sheer below. 

 The expedition itself stood at an altitude of 5,200 feet above the 

 sea. But the end was not yet. Down the expedition marched to 

 the south-west corner of the lake, where the Kakongo natives were 

 unfriendly. No Emin Pacha had been heard of ; there was no sign 

 even that he knew of Stanley's coming, or that the messenger from 

 Zanzibar had reached him. The only boat of the expedition was 

 at Kilinga Longa's, 190 miles away. Of the men, 94 were behind 

 sick at Ugarowwa's and Kilinga Longa's; only 173 were with 

 Stanley ; 74 of the original 341 were dead or missing ; and, more- 

 over, there was anxiety about the rear column. 



Stanley's resolution was soon taken. Moving to the village of 

 Kavalli, some distance up the steep slope from the lake, the party 

 began a night march on Dec. 15, and by Jan. 7 they were back at 

 Ibwiri. Here Fort Bodo, famous in the records of the expedition, 

 was built. The men were brought up from the rear, and on April 

 7 Stanley, with Jephson and Parke, once more led the expedition 

 to Lake Albert, this time with the boat and fresh stores. Mean- 

 time, Stanley himself was on the sick-list for a month. This time 

 all the natives along the route were- friendly and even generous, and 



Fort Bodo yvas reached on June 8, and was found in a flourishing 

 state, surrounded by acres of cultivated fields. But of the fifty-six 

 mei left at Ugarowwa's only sixteen were alive for Lieutenant 

 Stairs to bring to Fort Bodo. As there was no sign of the rear 

 column nor of the twenty messengers sent off in March with let- 

 lers for Major Barttelot, Stanley felt bound to retrace his steps 

 through the terrible forest. This time he was better provisioned, 

 and his people (212) escaped the horrors of the wilderness. 



Fort Bodo was left on June 16, Stanley letting all his white com- 

 panions remain behind. Ugarowwa's camp was deserted, and he 

 himself, with a flotilla of fifty-seven canoes, was overtaken far down 

 the river on Aug. 10, and with him seventeen of the carriers sent 

 ofi to Major Barttelot in March ; three of their number had been 

 killed. On the 17th the rear column was met with at Bonalya, 

 eighty mile? above Yambuya, and then for the first time Stanley 

 learned of the terrible disaster that had befallen it — Barttelot shot 

 by the Manyuema, Jameson gone down the Kongo (only to die), 

 Ward away, and Troup invalided home. No one but Dr. Bonny : 

 of the 257 men only seventy-two remaining, and of these only fifty- 

 two fit for service. No wonder Mr. Stanley felt too sick to write 

 the details ; and until we have the whole of the evidence it would 



