March 7, 1890.] 



SCIENCE. 



165 



brought into rotary motion, which drives the surface-air away 

 from a centre. The vapor atmosphere is thereby caused to ap- 

 proach the earth's surface, and by thus descending is brought 

 under greater pressure, so as to give off rain at the centre of the 

 cyclone, as explained above. 



Having, by a simple way of reasoning, arrived at the conclu- 

 sion that an atmosphere of pure aqueous vapor must exist outside 

 the atmosphere proper, we should not feel justified in stopping 

 without carrying our idea out in at least some of its consequences, 

 although the following remarks do not concern our immediate 

 subject, the cause of rain. Supposing there was an outer limit 

 to this aqueous atmosphere, the diificulty which would present 



itself is, that we should find aqueous vapor alongside of the- 

 vacuum of space. It is well known that when moisture is, 

 brought into an artificially produced vacuum, the latter gets in- 

 stantaneously filled with aqueous vapor. How is this experi- 

 ment to agree with the popular notion that vapor, as well as the 

 other constituents of the atmosphere, is kept within limits rouad 

 the earth by means of gravitation ? If the vapors of the supposed 

 outer border of the atmosphere were prevented from entering 

 space owing to gravitation, how much more would the vapoi-s at 

 the bottom of an artificial vacuum be prevented from filling this. 

 space, as the force of gravity is much the greater at the earth's 

 surface than at a supposed outer border of the atmosphere?- 



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