[Entered at the Posi-Offlce of New York, N.Y., as Second-Class Matter.] 



A WEEKLY NEWSPAPER OF ALL THE ARTS AND SCIENCES. 



Eighth Tear. 

 Vol. XV. No. 381. 



NEW yoke:. Mat 23, 1890. 



Single Copies, Ten Cents. 

 $3.50 Per Year, in Advance. 



THE STANLEY MEDAL. 



As the Royal Geographical Society of Great Britain liad already 

 presented Mr. Scanley with one of their royal medals, the council 

 of the society determined that the most suitable manner of putting 

 on record their sense of the skill and energy shown in his last 

 journey across Africa,- an. i of the importance of the geographical 

 results obtained in the linking of the old Equatorial Province of 

 Egypt and tlie territories of the Kongo State, the discovery of a 

 new source of the Nile, the restoration to their true place in maps 

 of the legendary snow-capped Mountains of the Moon, and the 

 enlargement of the Victoria Nvanza by a new bay, would be to 

 strike a special me.lal for Mr. Stanley and his European ofiScers. 

 On the advice of the oflBcials of the Medal Department of the 

 British Museum, the designing of the medal was intrusted to Miss 



TUBERCULOUS MILK. 



Tn the April bulletin of the Massachusetts Agricultural Col- 

 lege, Harold C. Ernst, A.M., M.D., of Boston, has a paper on " How 

 far may a Cow be Tuberculous before Her Milk becomes Danger- 

 ous as an Article of Food ? '' The change of opinion in regard to 

 the infectious nature of tuberculosis has been very marked in the 

 last few years.'not among the scientists, hut among the people at 

 large. Of course, the medical world has, as a rule, accepted the 

 conclusions to be drawn from Villemin's work of twenty-five 

 years ago, and the discovery of the speciBc cau-^^e of the disease by 

 Koch has only added strength to the theories advanced in certain 

 quarters before that time. The change of opinion spoken of is, 

 after all. hardly a change, but, more properly, an acceptance of 

 the knowledge gained in^regard to the disease by the more recent 



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E. Halle, whose medals of Heir Joachim and Cardinal Newman 

 are well known. An illustration of the medal is given on this 

 page The head of Mr. Stanley was modelled from Professor 

 Herkomer's portrait and numerous photographs taken before his 

 departure. The design on the obverse shows a female figure, the 

 Africa of classical tradition, wearing on her head a helmet in the 

 design of an elephant's head, and pouring from urns the two great 

 rivers Mr. Stanley has done so much to throw light on. A lake, 

 a great mountain, and a tropical forest form an appropriate back- 

 ground. The gold of the medal to be presented to Mr. Stanley 

 was supplied to the council by Mr. Pritchard Morgan, M.P. , who 

 liberally presented it from his Welsh mines. Bronze copies of the 

 medal will be presented to each of the Ejropean ofiScers con- 

 nected with the expedition. For Mr. Stanley's colored followers 

 a silver star has lieen desiijned, which will bear in the centre the 

 monogram of the Royal Geographical Society, and the words 

 "Emin Relief Expedition, 1887-89." 



and exact methods of research, and a much wider diflfusion of 

 that knowledge. More and more is it the rule that the knowledge 

 of the transmissibility of tuberculosis by means of infected mate- 

 rial is recognized among those whom it concerns the most, and 

 nothing but good can come from the diffusion of that knowledge. 

 The results of the work upon this subject which is being done un- 

 der the auspices of the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion 

 of Agriculture are to a certain extent preliminary. They show, 

 however, first and emphatically, that the milk from cows 

 affected with tuberculosis in any part of the body may contain the 

 virus of the disease; second, that the virus is present, whether 

 there is disease of the udder or not; third, that there is no ground 

 for the assertion that there must be a lesion of the udder before 

 the milk can contain the infection of tuberculosis; fourth, that, 

 on the contrary, the bacilli of tuberculosis are present and active 

 in a very large proportion of cases in the milk of cows aflfec'ed 

 with tuberculosis, but with no discoverable lesion of the udder. 



