328 EEV. J. T. GULICK ON 



rests on the fact tbat some forms of Selection depend on the re- 

 lations in which organisms stand to the environment, while others 

 depend ou the relations in which the members of the same 

 species stand to each other. It may here be noted tliat Arti- 

 ficial Selection is the exclusive generation of those that are better 

 fitted to the rational environment, through the failure to 

 propagate of those that are less fitted. The effect is the same 

 whether the failure to propagate is through lack of adaptation 

 to human purposes, or through lack of adaptation to the 

 unreasoning environment. Natural Selection is propagation 

 according to adaptation to the Natural environment, and Arti- 

 ficial Selection is propagation according to adaptation to the 

 Bational environment. 



(8) Another discrimination wliich I have found it convenient 

 to make, is that between Comparative and Superlative Selection. 

 Comparative Natural Selection is the direct result of varying 

 degrees of adaptation to the environment, without the additional 

 influence of rivalry between the members of the same species. 

 It is projDagatiou of the fitted, according to the degrees of their 

 fitness, controlling the expansion of a species before its members 

 crowd and supplant one another. Superlative Natural Selection 

 arises from the competition of members of the same species for 

 the possession of identical resources, and results in the survival 

 of those only that are most perfectly fitted to the environment. 

 Comparative Selection is the Survival of the Fitted — of all the 

 fitted, according to their degrees of fitness ; Suj^erlative Selection 

 is the Survival of the Fittest — of only those who through super- 

 lative fitness can, in a crowded community, find the sustenance 

 and other conditions necessary for perpetuating their kind. 



The following classification (p. 329) of the forms of Selection 

 will, I think, be a help in maintaining these and other dis- 

 tinctions. 



