INTE>^SIYE SEGEEGATION. 333 



or a section of a species is undergoing a change o£ social habits, 

 there will be individuals that fail through reverting to the old 

 instincts and methods which put them out o£ accord with the rest 

 of the community. But through the failure of these the inherited 

 instincts of the race are brought into increasing accord with the 

 new habits till, in the case of most species, there are but few 

 individuals that fail through lack of appropriate social instincts. 

 Nevertheless in the branches of the human species that have 

 attained the highest civilization the process is still far from 

 complete, for the instincts of many individuals are in conflict with 

 civilized habits. 



We find that the natural faculties that are best fitted to secure 

 individual success, and a numerous and long-continued descent, 

 are different under different forms of civilization. Social habits 

 in a great measure determine the food and clothing of a commu- 

 nity, and thus deeply affect the qualities of the race. The 

 exposure to which the young are subjected is also largely deter- 

 mined by social custom, and so the quality of the constitution 

 that is permitted to survive. In other words, the form of 

 Parental Selection that prevails in any community is often 

 determined by Social Selection, as the form of Social Selection is 

 sometimes determined by Natural Selection. Many matters, 

 which amongst irrational animals are determined by instincts 

 guiding the individual directly to the needed resources and 

 showing what provision must be made, are with man determined 

 by social instincts leading the individual to follow the general 

 experience or traditional habits of his clan. 



As in countries where there are no beasts of prey the gTe- 

 garious instinct of cattle ceased to be a necessity for the preser- 

 vation of life, it is no longer maintained by Natural Selection, 

 but it may be preserved by Social Selection ; for though occa- 

 sional stragglers appear, they are, through lack of adaptation to 

 the social organization, specially liable to fail of finding mates, 

 and therefore to fail of propagating their kind. Between the 

 capacities of a community and its social organization there is a 

 constant action and reaction which tends with more or less 

 rapidity toward transformation ; and this tendency is increased 

 when a small community, during a long separation from other 

 communities, gradually increases in strength, independently con- 

 structing a civilization of its own. In other words, Independent 



