414 ME. E. SATJlSrDEES OK THE TOKGUES OF THE 



observed various papillse, which at first sight look like punctures, 

 and on each side is a nipple-shaped opening, through which the 

 secretion from the salivary duct can pass. Beyond this chiti- 

 nized plate is the opening into the oesophagus. We will now 

 proceed to consider the lingua, which, as was stated aboye, 

 extends beyond the mentum between the two labial palpi. The 

 base of the lingua is ensheathed by the two paragiossse ; these 

 vary very much in form : as may be seen by a reference to the 

 figures of the various genera, a chitinous band extends across the 

 base of the lingua in front, and terminates on each side below in 

 a pointed process. The lingua varies much in form, from the 

 short broad bifid organ of Colleies to the long narrow one of 

 AnthopTiora. In all the genera the surface is traversed by fine 

 ridges set with bristly hairs. The base of the lingua in the 

 higher Apida? is really ensheathed by three sets of appendages : 

 1st the maxillae, 2nd the labial palpi, 3rd the paraglossee ; but 

 in the short-tongued bees the labial palpi have no sheathing 

 properties, all their joints being cylindrical. 



I do not here propose to give any description of the functions 

 &c. of the tongue, as these have been described by Mr. Bryant, 

 and I have confined myself to describing the position and general 

 form of its skeleton. For clearness' sake I recapitulate the 

 sclerites thus : — 



a, a. GarcUnes articulated into an emargination in oral groove. 



b, b. Lora swinging on the dilated ends of the cardines. 



c, c. MaxillcB articulated to ends of cardines. 



0% c^. Scales of maxillcs exserted from membrane at base of 



maxillae. 

 c**, c^. Maxillary palpi inserted between base and blade of 



maxillae. 



d. Submentum attached to apex of lora. 



e. Mentum attached to apex of submentum. 



e% e''. Lahial palpi attached to apex of mentum. laterally. 



f . Lingua attached to apex of mentuin centrally. , 

 f% f''. Paraglossce ensheathing the base of the lingua. 



f*. Scleritic ring forming a transverse band at the base of the 

 lingua, 

 g, g. Sclerites of hypopJiarynx originating on the margin of the 

 oral groove, passing between maxillae and uniting with 

 mentum near its base. 



