HEEMAPHRODITE GENITALIA OF THE CODFISH. 539 



Fig. 6. Vertical section of the shell, pa&siug through the chamber excarated 

 by the sponge, and two of the nacreous papillas. X8. 



Fig. 7. One of the same papilla3, x 30, showing spicules of the sponge in the 

 centre. 



Fig. 8. The skeleton-spicules. XllO. 



Fig. 9. The larger flesh-spicules. X 350. 



Fig. 10. The smaller flesh-spicules. x400. 



Fig. 11. One of the raphides. 



Fig. 12. Part of dermal membrane ? 



Fig. 13. Gemmule? x40. 



Figs. 14, 15. Dermal spicules of a species oi Biscodermia, included in the tissues 

 of the sponge, x 80. 



On some Hermaphrodite G-enitalia of the Codfisli (Q-adus 

 morrhua), with Eemarbs upon the Morphology and Phylo- 

 geny of the Vertebrate Eeproductive System, By Gr. E- 

 HoAVES, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Assist. Professor of Zoology, Eoyal 

 College of Science, London. 



[Eead 5th February, 1891.] 

 (Plate XIV.) 



I. Codfish possessed of hermaphrodite genital glands have 

 been known since the days of Leewenhoek (1688), Easter 

 (1761), Tarrell (1845), Smith (1870), Max Weber (1884), 

 and others have since recorded examples. The fullest descrip- 

 tion of such yet published is that of Max Weber alluded to * 

 to be referred to later, and his excellent paper embodies a 

 resume of all that was known up to the time of Avriting, with full 

 references to the works of authorities cited. I have lately 

 received from one of my past pupils (Mr. Walter C. Chappel, of 

 Sunderland) the genitalia figured on Plate XIV., and our Presi- 

 dent has afforded me opportunity of examining five specimens in 

 the Museum of the Eoyal College of Surgeons, under his charo-e. 

 My best thanks are due to these gentlemen for their kindness 

 and liberality. 



II. I give below the total lengths of the ovaries of the 

 * Nederl. Tijdschr. t. d. Dierkunde, Jhg, v. Af. 2, p. 21 (1884), 



