576 PEOF. w. A. heedman's eevised 



Cynthia *, Savigny, 1816. 



Body attached, sessile or very shortly stalked, rarely in- 

 crusted with sand. Branchial and atrial apertures both 4- 

 lobed. 



Test coriaceous, rarely cartilaginous ; no spicules. 



Mantle well-deyeloped, usually with a strong musculature. 



Branchial sac with 6 to 12 longitudinal folds on eacli side. No 

 spicules in walls of vessels. 



Dorsal lamina a plain membrane, or with the free margin 

 toothed, or represented by a series of dorsal languets. 



Tentacles always compound. 



Intestine forming rather a wide loop, on the left side. 



Gonads on both sides, the left in the intestinal loop. 



[Branchial folds only slightly developed. 



\ C. irregularis, Herdm. (Austr.) 



[ Branchial folds all well developed 1 



, j Body pedunculated 2 



[Body sessile 3 



n [Test thick and tough 4 



\Test thin and leathery 5 



. r Surface sulcated C. cerebriformis, Herdm. (Austr.) 



I Surface incrusted with sand and hairs. C.japonica, Traust. (Jap.) 

 f. r Surface smooth, with silky spines ... C.formosa, Herdm. (Austr.) 



I Surface not smooth, having knobs and warts 6 



f Mantle thin, muscles weak; tentacles 50. 



6 C. castaneiformis, v. Dr. (N. Pac.) 



[ Mantle strong and muscular ; tentacles less than 30 7 



j Dorsal lamina having languets the entire length 8 



7 -! Dorsal lamina having languets only at posterior end. 



[ C. Roretzii, v. Dr. (Jap.) 



(Meshes very much elongated transversely ; tentacles 25-JjO ; apertures 

 fringed with bristles C. pafillosa, L. (Med., N. Atl.) 

 Meshes not elongated ; tentacles 16-20. 

 C. stolonifera. Heller. (S. Atl.) 



o /Test more or less covered with sand 9 



\Test free from sand 10 



q ] Body free C. arenosa, Herdm. (Austr.) 



\ Body attached 11 



(Body columnar, with remarkable pad-like thickening of test anteriorly. 

 C. prcepiiUalis, Heller. (Austr.) 

 Body not columnar, and with no such thickening. 

 C.jacairensis, Sluit. (Mai.) 



,|^ f Test provided with remarkable long branched spines 12 



[Test with no such branched spines 13 



Halocynfhia, Yerrill, is merely a synonym. 



