CLASSIFICATION OF THE TUNICATA. 577 



,f> f Dorsal lamina a plain membrane ... C. echinata, Ti. (N. Atl.) 

 " I With two rows of small languets ... C. HilqeridorJii,Tnxu8t. (Jap.) 



( Languets confined to posterior end, 6 branchial folds. [Med.) 



13 ] a dura, Heller. (Atl., Pac, & 



[Languets along the whole length of dorsal lamina 14 



, . / Not more than 6 folds on each side of the branchial sac 15 



\ More than 6 folds on each side 16 



f Reproductive organs in the form of numerous small scattered masses 

 attached to mantle C. corallina,'R,on\e. (Med.) 

 Reproductive organs not broken up into numerous separate masses ... 17 



,- [Intestinal loop narrow C. Imvigata, Heller. (W. Ind.) 



I Intestinal loop wide 18 



,„ TTestthin Vd 



■^'^ 1 Test not thin 20 



iq r Surface smooth C. cfar;'^era, Traust. (S. Atl.) 



\ Surface not smooth 21 



{Branchial siphon with a strong muscle-band at its base and armed 

 with spines G. nudulosa,y.Y>v. (W. Ind. ?) 

 Branchial siphon not provided with this armature 22 



[& Med.) 



of> r Inner surface of test white, soft C. sqtiatmclosa, Aid. (N.W. Eur. 



"' [ Inner surface not white, nor soft 23 



(Internal longitudinal bars regular, 13-15 on a fold, 7 stigmata in mesh. 

 C. Biisiana, Traust. (W. Ind.) 

 Internal longitudinal bars irregular, 5 or 6 stigmata in mesh. 

 C. haustor, Stimps. (N. Pac.) 



2Q r Tentacles 20-30, test smooth 24 



[ Tentacles 12, test rough C.fssa, Herdm. (Austr.) 



nA f Apertures inconspicuous, far apart . C. gangelion, Sav. (Eed S.) 



\ Apertures conspicuous C. awMate, Heller. (Austr.) 



1^ f Test cartilaginous, smooth 25 



\ Test coriaceous and rough 26 



[■ More than 10 folds on each side of branchial sac. 

 25 \ C. hispida, Herdm. (Austr.) 



[ Not more than 9 folds on each side 27 



{Mantle semitranspareut, tentacles 12. C.mom'iis,SaY. (Med., Red S.,Atl.) 

 Mantle opaque, tentacles 24-28, 7 branchial folds on each side. 

 C. pantex, Sav. (Red S.) 



cyf. f Not more than 10 branchial folds on each side 28 



\ 12 or 13 folds on each side C. grandis. Heller. (Austr.) 



cjj, f Apertures at opposite ends of body . C. inirabilis, v. Dr. (Jap.) 



''^ I Apertui'es not distant 29 



I" Body oblong, erect, long axis antero-posterior. 

 29^ C. Nordens7doklii,Wa.gn. (Arct.) 



[Body rounded, or quadrangular with long axis transverse 30 



r Body rounded, mamillated, red, siphons striped with orange. 

 30 ] C. ononis, Forb. (N.W. E. & Med.) 



[ Body not rounded and not red 31 



o, (Body ovoid or retort-shaped C. scideUata, Heller. (Med.) 



[Body quadrangular C. galbana, n. sp. (Austr.) 



Por insufficiently described forms see p. 585. 



