30 MR. R. J. TILLYARD : LIFE-HISTORIES AND 



{Mr. Gr. A. Wiiterhouse). There are Jilso in my collection three other male 

 •exuviae : one taken at Mt. Tambourine, Queensland, in Dec. 1912 ; the other 

 two from Stanwell Park, Feb. 1913. 



Habit s. — A single living larva, half-grown, was found by me on the 

 underside of a flat rock h'ing in the bed of the small creek at Mt. Tambourine. 

 The larva is ahuost black in colour, with rich brown markings. It can cling 

 Tcry closely to the surface of the rock, and can also run fairly quickly. The 

 lateral spines, which are very sharp, can be used as a means of defence ; for, 

 as the animal wriggles to escape, these spines prick one's hand. But the 

 chief object of the spines is, I think, to prevent the larvse being washed away 

 during- a flood or heavy spate in the creek. It is by means of these spines 

 that the lurva is enabled to press so closely to the rock-surface, while resisting 

 .the onrush of water, with its head facing upstream. Also, if by any chance 

 the larva is washed from its rocky refuge, it can hide itself in the trash of 

 the deep holes and hollows, where the spiny lateral surface, by catching 

 against obstructions, prevents it being swept away down-stream. 



The half-grown larva which I found was placed in water in a large jar, 

 and sup],)lied with sticks to cling to. About 10 p.m. I went to look at it, and 

 found that it had climbed out of the jar and was crawling along the table. 

 I replaced it, but the next morning I found it lying on the floor dead. I con- 

 cluded from this that these larvae are in the habit of leaving their rocky 

 retreats in the night-time and wandering about in damp places in search 

 •of food. As they usually hide on the under surface of flat rocks, in small 

 •cracks and crannies where a supply of food could not possibly be obtained 

 ■during the daytime, it is not surprising to find that they roam about at 

 night. Further details of similar interesting habits will be found below, 

 taken from my observations of the nymph of TelepJilehia godeffroyi. 



The fact that the larva was only half-grown (it was as large as a full- 

 grown Austroceschna-hn'ydi, but the wing-cases were only just appearing) 

 tpoints to the period of larval growth being two years, since the imago 

 ■emerges in Nov^ember, and this larva was found in December. 



Genus 2. Telephlebia, Selys. 



Neuration close or fairly close. Rs forked at a point very considerably 

 nearer pterostigma than nodus ; Rspl one row below ; M^ arched above fork. 

 Sectors of arculus separate at bases. Pterostigma well braced. Triangles 

 of moderate length, three- to five-celled, distal side scarcely bent at join of 

 weakly formed Ts. Mspl long, nearly straight, generally joined to Ts by 

 the irregular bases of first row of cells under M^. Sc prolonged through 

 nodus for one or two cells' distance. Basilar and submedian spaces 

 reticulated; subtriangles f ree ; hypertrigonal spaces reticulated. Anal loop 

 somewhat irregular, only 2-3 cells wide by 4-5 cells deep. Membranule 



