FROM THE society's GARDENS. 257 



*fche male copulatory appaiutus are described and figured in the 

 P. Z. S. 1915, pp. 256, 268, text-figs. 7, 15, 16). 



Exjilanation of the Terminology used in describing the Male 

 Copulatory Apparatus of Anoplura and Mallophaga. 



In almost all Anoplura and Mallophaga, it is easy to recognise 

 at once the basal plate and the parameres. The basal plate — 

 probably double in origin as two longitudinal apodemes — is a 

 chitinous lamina usually, if not always, longer than bi'oad, to 

 the posterior lateral angles of which are articulated the two 

 chitinous appendages known as parameres. Between the para- 

 meres is the mesosome, the parts of which are not so readily 

 made out unless a specimen be carefully dissected. Fundamen- 

 tally, the mesosome is a sac — the enlarged and extrusible end 

 continuous with the ductus ejaculatorius. This sac — called 

 by Mjoberg " the prepvitial sac " — presents two regions of 

 chitinisation — a distal and a proximal. At the distal end is the 

 rod of the penis or virga, with frequently a splint on each side 

 •called the telomere, and one below — the hypomere *. At the 

 proximal end are the endomeres, usually strongly chitinised 

 bands or rods, one on each side, suppoi'ting the membrane of 

 the sac, of which they are only local thickenings. The whole 

 •of the genitalia exhibit enormous variety in form, and the 

 mesosomatic parts in particular are occasionally so much modified 

 that it becomes difficult to recognise their conformation to the 

 general plan just sketched out above. For example, in many 

 Philopterids, such as Bocophorus, no sacular portion of the 

 appai-atus is recognisable, and the distal chitinisations lie well 

 back within the proximal, the whole forming a solid and compact 

 mesosome. The above terms are, therefore, adopted solely for 

 ■convenience of desciiption. 



Genus LiNOG>TATHUS Enderlein. 



LiNOGNATHUs cAvi.E-CAPENSis (Pallas) (8, p. 37). (Text-fig. 1.) 



The ample material of this species submitted provided the 

 •opportunity for a dissection of the copulatory apparatus of the 

 male, which hitherto has been neither described nor figured. 

 The accompanying text-illustration (text-fig. 1) makes it easy 

 to dispense with a good deal of circumlocutionary description. 



Basal plate: A fairly long and narrow rod, the jjosterior end 

 ■of which, for the purpose of afibrding articulation to the para- 

 meres, is widened, and each posterior lateral angle drawn out 

 into a short process, leaving the lower margin of the plate 

 •concave between. 



Parameres : Each paramere at the base is fairly broad and fits 

 in around the concave lower margin of the basal plate. Halfway 



* For these terms, first applied to specialised Pliilopterid forms, see Waterston, 

 Annals of the S. African Museum, vol. x. pt. 9, 1914, p. 279. 



Proc. Zool. See— 1916, No. XYII. 17 



