ON THE PREKISTOKIC BRITISH SUS. 109 



molar varies a good deal in S. scrofa, \a.Y.ferus, irrespective of 

 sex. 



3. Bearing in mind the elasticity of the swine type and the power 

 for changing which their domestication has shown them to pos- 

 sess, Dr. Eolleston has less difficulty in conceiving that the so- 

 called 8. indicus was really a modified 8, cristatus, than that it 

 had been evolved from any Stts (such as *S'. leitcoonystax) from coun- 

 tries further away from Europe than India. ;S^. cristatus had the 

 malar border of the lachrymal always marked by the relative 

 shortness insisted on by Nathusius. It had not the relatively 

 wider palate ; but upon this point too much weight had been 

 laid. 



4. A skull of a wild sow from the alluvium, later in date than 

 the " river-gravel," near Oxford, combined the short lachrymal 

 characteristic of young pigs and of S, cristatus with the woi'n- 

 down teeth, elongated facial skeleton, and disproportionately small 

 size of an old wild sow {S. scrofa,\di,v. ferus). Such a combination 

 of characteristics tended. to suggest carefidness as to accepting the 

 Torf-Schwein {8. scrofa, var. palustris) of Siitimeyer as a distinct 

 species, or taking even such a point as the shortness of the lachry- 

 mal as constituting a specific difference. 



5. The simplicity of the third molars in the very large skull of 



8. harhatus appears to be of greater value, as the rugose condition 

 might have been expected to be forthcoming in so large, so well- 

 armed, and so well-fed a Sios as this from Borneo. 



6. The true 8. verrucostis differs from 8. harhatus in having the 

 lachrymal's malar edges long, relatively to its orbital, as well as 

 in the peculiarities which its specific name implies. These pecu- 

 liarities were reproduced in the old Irish " Greyhound Pig," figured 

 by Eichardson, ' Domestic Pigs,' p. 49, ed. Warne. 



7. The often quoted paper by Dr. Gordon, ' Medical Times and 

 Gazette,' May 2, 1857, p. 429, led us to suppose that Tcenia 

 solium of man infested the domestic pig of India, as it does those 

 of other parts of the world. The facility with which the pig lends 

 itself to domestication enables us to understand how the many- 

 sided commensalism which now exists between man and that 

 animal may have set up in very early times. Indeed the par- 

 ticular result of their commensalism v>'hich their solidarity as 

 regards the alternations of the generations of Ttsnia solium repre- 

 sents, suggests that their coexistence in time must have been more 

 extensive than even the coexistence in space ascribed to them, 

 not quite correctly, by Gibbon (' Decline and Fall,' chap. ix. note 



9, p. 392, Smith's edition). 



LlNSr. JOUEK. — ZOOLOGY, YOL. XIII. 11 



