THE BRAIX OF THE LEMUES. 89 



region of the brain, and the mammary glands points to a different 

 conclusion. Hubrecht calls in the evidence of the teeth to 

 support his contention; but, as Leche and Earle (op. cit.) have 

 demonstrated, the full study of the teeth of Tarsms shows it to 

 be " a Lemur beyond all doubt."' The arguments of Hubrecht 

 have been so thoroughly criticized by Earle in the memoirs 

 quoted, that it is quite unnecessary to enter into details here. 

 In opposition to Hubrecht's statements that in " very many 

 respects Tarsms does not fit in vrith the Lemurs at all," and 

 that its incisors and canines "resemble more closely those of the 

 Insectivora than [those] ... of the Lemurs " (op. cit. p. 11), 

 it is, however, well to recall the fact that the brain of Tarsius 

 exhibits decisive evidence of its Lemuroid status in the calcariue 

 region, in the Sylvian fissure, and in numerous other traits w^hich 

 have been enumerated in tlie body of my memoir. In the degree 

 of caudal extension of its hemispheres, it is even farther removed 

 from the Insectivora and more pithecoid than the Lemurs. 



Hubrecht's memoir is of special interest, because it emphasizes 

 the undoubted fact that Tarsius is more nearly related to the 

 Apes than are the Lemurs. This is also deinoustrated in the 

 brain by the relative microsmatism, the great caudal extension 

 of the hemispheres, and the presence of a definite posterior coruu 

 in the lateral A^entricle. But the evidence of cerebral anatomy 

 lends no more support than, I believe, the structure of the rest 

 of the body does to the view that the approxirration of Tarsius 

 to the Apes implies its separation from the Lemuis. So far as its 

 brain is concerned, Tarsius is a " Lemur of Lemurs," to use an 

 expression of Professor Howies: it is certainly more nearly 

 related to the Apes than most other Lemurs ; but, on the other 

 hand, all the Apes and Lemurs are linked by a much closer bono 

 of affinity the one to the other than are any of them to the otner 

 mammals. Tarsius is unquestionably the most primitive living 

 Primate. 



I have not deemed it necessary to refer in detail to the 

 excellent memoirs of Charles Earle, because they so nearly 

 express the views to which I have been led from the study of 

 the brain. 



