96 MISS EMBLETON ON CEKATArilTS LATANIiE. 



one or more years about 1879, Mr. G-. S. Saunders noticed the 

 winged adult female in an orcliid-house at Bristol ; lie has 

 kindly given me a note on the subject, which will be found on 

 p, 105, at the end of this memoir. In Brazil the winged female 

 form is apparently not uncommon (cf. Ceratovacuna hrasiliensis, 

 Hempel, and is met with as a very rare occurrence on the 

 continent of Europe — so far only three specimens have been 

 recorded. No male has been discovered anywhere. On the 

 Continent the apterous female is well known in hothouses, living 

 on various species of palms and orchids. With us it always 

 occurs on orchids, and has been reported from several localities — 

 I have received it from Dublin, where it has been known for 

 many years ; and. also from Cambridge. At Kew it is, I find, 

 recognized as an orchid parasite, but I could get no specimens 

 from the houses there. 



Up to the present (and apart from the recently recorded 

 Brazilian form which we know only by description), only three 

 individuals of the winged form have ever been obtained, and 

 they are all females. Buckton*, in 1883, says the imago of this 

 viviparous winged female is apparently very rare, " for only three 

 mutilated specimens are at present known. It has not yet been 

 taken in England." 



As regards this Brazilian form, which Hempel f described last 

 year under the name of Ceratovacvna hrasiliensis, n. sp., it 

 is, as already stated, another synonym for Cercitaj)Ms lafanice, 

 an opinion confirmed by Mr. E. New stead. Hempel has found no 

 male?!, but describes, not only the adult apterous female, but also 

 the larval and adult winged female. This is important evidence 

 as showing that in its native countries this species does not 

 permanently remain in the form iu which it is found with us, and 

 as shown in P]a,te 12. It forms conspicuous groups or colonies 

 on leaves and flower-stems of C^pripednim and other orchids, 

 and can be procured all the year round. The colonies consist of 

 individuals of all ages?, from the small pale yellow young which 

 actively wander about, to the round black immotile adults with 

 their characteristic halo of white wax. The youngest forms, 

 measuring about 5 mm. (or less) in length, are free from this 

 fringe of wax ; the pair of dark eyes, situated anteriorly near the 



* British Aphides, Bay Society, 1883. 



t Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, ser. 7, viii. (1901) p. 384. 



