hrp2mni<, Linn., 1758 ; Pall., 1766 ; 

 & S., 1786; M.-Edw. & H., 



1857; Gray, 1857; K611., 1865; 



W. & S., 1889. 

 . melitcnsis, Lamk., 1836. 

 /. moniliformis, Steenst-rup ; M.-Edw. 



&H.,1857. 

 /. ncctpoliiana, von Koch, 1887. 

 /. nohilis, Pallas, 1766 ; Lamk., 1822. 

 /. ochracea, Linn., 1758; Pall., 1766; 



Esper, 1797 ; Gmel. ; E. & S., 1786. 

 /. polyaeaidha, Steenstriip ; M.-Edw. 



& H., 1857. 



STRUCTUEE OP ISIS HIPPUKIS. 425 



Mh hippiiris. Linn., 1758. 



[1887. 

 IdcleJla vPapolHana. G. von Kocli, 

 Cornllium ruhrum. Lam., 1801. 

 Mditcea ochracea, Gray, 18ri7. 



I. gregorii, I. melitensis, I. moniliformis, and /, polgacniiiha 

 are aliuosfc names without descriptions, and so cannot -witli 

 certainty be referred to their proper place in classification. 



Isis nippUETS. 

 1608. Hippuris saxea, Clnsius, I, p. 124. 



Com Ilium album raiiciflatuin, Seba, t. iv. p. 202. pi. 110. fig. 1, 

 1737. Scrtulavia ramosissima, LiniiEeus, IL p. 480. 



J.s/.s hippvris, Limifeus, 1758, III. p. 799 ; Pallas, 1766, VI. p. 233 ; 



Ellis & Solander, 1780, VII. p. 105, pi. 3. fig. 1 ; Esper, 1797, 



VIII. torn. i. p. 279, pi. 1, pi. 2, pi. 8 a. figs, l-.j ; Lamouroux, 



1816, XIV. p. 475 ; Lamoiiioux, 1821, XV. p. o9, pi. 3. llg. 1 ; 



Lamarck, 1816, XI. torn. ii. p. 302; Blainville, 1834, XVI. 



p. 503, pi. 86. fig. 1 ; Lamarck, 1836, XII. p. 475; Steenstnip, 



XVIII. ; Cuvier, Eegne Anim. tom. iii. p. 312 ; Dana, 1846, 



XIX. p. 144 ; Milne-Edwards & Haime, 1857, XXII. ; Gray, 



1857, XXm. p. 283 ; Kolliker, 1865, XXIV. p. 140, tab. 19. 



figs. 42 & 43, tab. 16. fig. 4 ; Wright & Studer, 1889, XXXII. 



In 1766 Pallas, in his ' Elenclms Zoophytorum,' giA^es a brief 



summary description couched in the following terms : — " Axis 



articulated, alternately branched ; cortex thick and slightly 



porous." Twenty years later Ellis & Solauder, with their 



usual precision and careful observation of detail, describe some 



specimens obtained at Sunda and Sumatra. Their somewhat 



lengthy description {i. e., in comparison with the usual terse 



and contracted diagnoses of the time) is well worth quoting : — 



" Jointed stony stem, which rises into many loose branches. 



The bone or support of the animal consists of white, cylindrical, 



stony, channelled joints connected together by black contracted 



horny intermediate ones. The flesh is whitish, plump and full 



of minute vessels ; the surface of it is full of the little mouths of 



the cells which are disposed in a quinciincial order, covering the 



