140 MR. H. J. ELWES ON [ Feb. 3, 
noise when alone, and apparently looking for cows. On this 
point, however, | quote Capt. Ferrand’s experience, which is that 
he has on several occasions attracted bulls whose whereabouts 
he knew, especially on a still frosty evening, by imitating the 
erunting of the bull, which can be heard when they are looking 
for cows at a distance of from 500 to 1000 yards, or possibly 
more. Moreover, he has heard the cows make a somewhat 
similar noise, and the calves make a bleating noise when they 
have lost their dam. 
Col. Walker also writes to me on the subject of the cow calling 
for the bull, as observed by him at Storvand, on the property of 
Mr. Collett near Mo, in North Trondhjem, in 1890 :— 
‘“One day my hunter and I came on the spor of a bull Elk and 
cow ; after some time we looked over a small hill and saw, in the 
valley below it, the bull and cow about 150 yards from us. Seeing 
that he was paying her great attention I waited to see what would 
- happen; after one or two attempts he jumped on her, they having 
their backs tome: I aimed at him, but waited until he had finished 
his performance ; as he came off her I fired, and shot him stone 
dead. He rolled off on to the ground. She did not appear to 
have noticed the shot or that he was dead, but began to graze 
close to him, and once or twice went over and smelt him, then 
grazed again. I then walked up to the bull; she did not seem to 
mind me, only stared at me and stood close to the bull. When I 
was within twenty yards of her she got alarmed and went off, 
very slowly at first, constantly looking round for him to follow 
her. Shortly afterwards, while we were cutting up the bull, we 
heard a very loud harsh roaring noise, just like the noise made by 
a badly wounded bear when pinned in a corner. Both my hunter 
and I thought it was a bear. I then went to the top of a small 
hill, and on looking over saw the cow in the middle of a large open 
bog. She was roaring, I could see her quite plainly through my 
glasses ; she then got wind of me and bolted off. 
“Qn another occasion I had killed a bull which was in company 
with a cow and two calves; these bolted, the cow one way, calves 
the other. About 7.30 p.m., when I was in my hut, I heard a cow 
calling just like a domestic animal in this country. I asked 
Thomas whether we were near a farm; he then told me it was 
the Elk cow calling for her calves.” 
Though the scent and hearing of the Elk are unusually acute, 
their sight seems to be by no means so quick as that of deer: if it 
were, the difticulty of shooting them, which is already very great, 
would be much increased. The usual method adopted in Norway is 
to use a trained dog in a leash, which can scent the Elk at a distance 
of a mile or more in the forest; but owing to the difficulty of 
approaching without noise in the thick forest, and the cunning 
which the Elk almost invariably display in lying down so as to 
get the wind of anyone following their tracks, only those who have 
great patience, caution, perseverance, and an intimate knowledge 
of the habits of the Elk and the ground, are successful in 
