a 
1903. ] THE ELK IN NORWAY. 147 
how rapidly Elk increase where they are protected and the cows 
not killed :— 
| | 
Foe | Olde Monn lyre een gee 
Year. Balle Balle Cows. Calves. 
| 1887.} 3 —_ 9 10 | Two of these cows had two calves each. 
1888.| 7 2 8 7 | One of these cows had two calves. 
1889.| 6 6 17 | 14 | Six of these cows had two calves each. 
1890.| 5 10 18 20 | Nine of these cows had two calves each. 
Most of these observations were written at the request of 
our late President, Sir W. Flower, six years ago, but were 
withheld from publication until this year, when the question 
of a new species of Elk existing in Siberia was raised by Mr. 
Lydekker and the Hon. W. Rothschild. I then added the following 
appendix. 
Text-fig. 24. 
Horns of a very old Elk showing degeneration. (About 51; nat. size.) 
APPENDIX.—ON THE VARIATION OF THE ELK. 
Dr. Lénnberg’s paper on the variation of the Elk appears to 
me to confirm the opinion I expressed at a recent meeting of the 
Society (P. Z. 8. 1902, vol. ii. p. 144), that the Siberian Elk 
described by Mr. Lydekker (P. Z. 8. 1902, vol. i. p. 207) as Alces 
bedfordie was nothing more than an inconstant variety of the 
European Elk. The Hon. Walter Rothschild has since expressed 
a contrary opinion, for which, however, I am not aware that he 
has any further evidence than the fact that other horns similar 
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