1903.] ON A FOSSIL OSTRICH FROM THE ISLAND OF SAMOS, 203 
aware, the only instances of structures which can be regarded as 
at all approaching this nature are the carpal bristles of the 
Dassies and the carpal callosities of Wart-Hogs, the latter of which, 
as already mentioned, are considered to be of modern origin. No 
trace of any structure comparable with the hind-callosity of the 
Horse has, so far as I am aware, ever been detected on the tarsus 
of any of the above-mentioned Ungulates. 
Tf an objection of this nature be regarded as fatal to the gland- 
theory (or sense-organ-theory, for I regard the two as practically 
identical) of the origin of the equine callosities, it will, I think, 
be still more so to the foot-pad hypothesis, since short-limbed and 
polydactyle mammals ought to have retained traces of ancestral 
foot-pads for a greater period than long-limbed monodactyle forms 
like the Hqwde. 
In conclusion, I may state that it has been my object, not so 
much to attempt to show what the equine callosities represent, as 
to demonstrate, from paleontological considerations, the impro- 
bability of their being vestigial foot-pads. 
P.S.—I am informed that if a callosity be pared down, and a 
finger moistened with the resulting exudation held to a horse’s 
nose, the animal will follow anywhere. If this be true, it affords 
strong testimony in favour of the gland-theory. 
4. Note on some Remains of Struthio karatheodoris Maj. of 
the Island of Samos. By Rupotr Martin, of Basel 
University.’ 
[Received February 11, 1903}. 
(Text-figures 30-34.) 
In the Catalogue of the collection of Mr. Barbey at Valleyres 
s./Orbe (Switzerland), published in 1894 by Dr. Forsyth Major *, 
besides a great number of mammals there is mentioned the femur 
of a ratite bird, which, no doubt, belonged to the genus Struthio 
(Dr. Major could scarcely find any difference), Dr. Major, 
considering the geological age of the deposits in which the bone 
had been found (Upper Miocene), and recognising that it belonged 
toa form different from the recent Ostrich, created the new species 
Struthio karatheodoris. 
Some time ago, Dr. Major received the fragment of a pelvis 
from the Museum of the Vienna University (found in the same 
place as the femur), which probably belonged to the same species, 
and which is the subject of the following remarks. 
I have to thank Dr. Major for having entrusted me with the 
study of this pelvis and for having placed two photographs of the 
1 Communicated by Dr. C. I. Forsyrm Maysor, F.ZS. 
2 Le Gisement ossifére de Mitylini et Catalogue d@’ossements fossiles recueillis a 
Mitylini ete., Lausanne, 1894. 
