444 CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [Proc. 4th Ser. 



From the above it can be seen that of the 47 species, deter- 

 minate and indeterminate, that have been collected on these 

 islands, the greater number have been taken but from one or 

 two localities. Careful collecting by one who is familiar with 

 lichens, and thoroughly interested in the subject, would 

 probably materially increase the number of species known from 

 the islands, and extend the range of many of the species 

 already known. Especially would this be the case with the 

 smaller forms, which easily escape the notice of the ordinary 

 collector. I make this prediction from my own experience 

 with the vascular plants. It was my good fortune to be the 

 only botanist who has had the privilege of collecting on these 

 islands for any considerable length of time. Most of the former 

 collections of plants from these islands were made by men more 

 interested in some other line of biological work. AVhile the 

 collections they made were in most respects remarkably good, 

 I found that there was a tendency to fail of getting some of the 

 species most common on most of the islands. Possibly the 

 great abundance of such species caused them to be overlooked. 

 The species of Croton, for instance, had not been reported from 

 Indefatigable Island until the Academy's expedition visited it; 

 yet there is probably no place on the island where one could 

 go for any distance from the shore without encountering 

 thickets of Croton bushes of greater or less extent. Many 

 other instances could be cited of a like nature. Of lichens, two 

 species only (or 4.25%) are said to be endemic; which is in 

 striking contrast with the conditions found among the vascular 

 plants, where 40.9% of the species are endemic. 



Lichens have not as 3^et been reported from either Cul- 

 pepper or Wenman Island, the two northernmost islands of 

 the group, or from Gardner Island near Charles Island. I 

 remember distinctly having seen an abundance of fruticose 

 lichens, possibly Alectoria or Usnea, covering the vegetation on 

 the upper and inaccessible portions of Culpepper during our 

 short stay at this island. There is no anchorage at either of 

 these two northern islands so that the vessel had to lie "off and 

 on" at Wenman Island while the party went ashore to collect. 

 On this account our stay there was brief, and as I was very 

 busy getting together during the short time at my disposal as 

 many species as possible of vascular plants, I neglected to 



