226 JOURNAL OF CONCHOl.OGY, VOL. I3, NO. 8, OCTOBER, I91I. 



of large size, the largest attaining 2|-in. by i-in.; but on the edge of 

 the Doggerbank and in the Silver Pits, where the water is deeper, 

 they become smaller and narrower, like the Shetland form, although 

 the latter district produces large specimens also in places. Mr. 

 Richard Howse^ first noticed and figured the small deep-water form, 

 but mistakenly under the name of F. gracilis var., which he described 

 as "hispid, ij-in. by i-in., with seven whorls;" and if it merits a 

 varietal name that of var. hotvsei would be api)ropriate. Some of my 

 Shetland specimens do not exceed an inch in length by less than half 

 that width. Searles Wood records and figures a reversed specimen 

 found by Mr. A. Bell in the Red Crag (pi. 7, fig, 21). 



This is another instance in which Forbes and Hanley, Jeffreys, 

 and Sowerby are at variance as to the type-form, and unfortunately 

 the author did not accompany his description with a figure. Gwyn 

 Jeffreys' figure, description, and dimensions belong to the Shetland 

 and deep-water form, while the other authors figure more southern' 

 examples as the type ; and although Forbes and Hanley give the di- 

 mensions as i|-in. by |-in., their figured specimen is 2i-in. by i in. 

 Captain Brown's figures are not this, but the next species. 



F. jeffreysianus Fisch. — Bristol Channel (Wotton)! the Smalls 

 Lighthouse (Span) ! Milford Haven (Jordan) ; Tenby and Laugharne 

 (Williams- Vaughan) ! Brixham in S. Devon, from trawlers ; and occa- 

 sionally cast ashore in Torbay by storms. It has been dredged on 

 the north coast of Spain (Locard, 'Travailleur' Exp.), and I have a 

 young specimen dredged by the Porcupine off Cadiz in 386 f. 



I incline to the opinion of Canon Norman, that this is "a large 

 variety of F. propinqiius" It is not only larger generally, but is much 

 more solid and robust, and commences w-here the latter leaves off, 

 viz., in the Bristol Channel, F. propinquus tending north, and F. 

 jeffreysianus to the south. Its British range is from Exmouth in 

 South Devon (Clark) to both sides of St. George's Channel as far as 

 the Smalls Lighthouse off the Pembrokeshire coast, which is its 

 northernmost limit, meeting here and mingling with F. propinqiais, 

 and so both partake somewhat of each other's characteristics. From a 

 series of specimens from this district it is not difficult to graduate one 

 form into the other, or to meet with examples that may be ascribed 

 to either. Moreover, none of the characters ascribed to it by Jeffreys 

 mark it off as a distinct species. The comparative length of the spire 

 is too variable to make it a specific test, and as to that of the smooth 

 epidermis, Gwyn Jeffreys would probably now qualify his description 

 after admitting that F. sabini, F. pygmaeus, F. propinqmis, and 

 Buccifinm grcenlaiidiaiin are occasionally "finely and closely ciliated, 



I " Notes on a Dredging Excursion off Dunbar," Ann. Mag. N. Hist., vol. xix., p. i6i 

 pi. 10, fig. 5. 



