DE. COBBOLD ON ANIMAL IKDIVIDUALITY. 163 



maxillae, without exterior lobe ("galea") or palpus; and, as to 

 internal organization, above all, by tbe want of Malpigbian vessels. 

 Nicoletia terrestris, L. (sp. Lepismd) may be a connecting link, 

 resembling Campodea in tlie form of body, equally scaleless and 

 bleached, and having the internal lobe of the maxilla pectinated 

 somewhat alike ; but, in this view, the internal anatomy of Nicoletia 

 remains to be investigated. From Poduridae the proposed family 

 differs no less by the oral organs, than by the essentially many- 

 jointed antennae, the full normal number of abdominal segments 

 developed, the consequent direction of the terminal appendages, 

 and the elongated tarsus, armed with a pair of equal unguiculi. 



On Animal Individuality from an Entozoological point of view. 

 By T. Spencee Cobbold, M.D., F.E.S., P.L.S. 

 [Read June 1, 1865.] 

 When Dr. Carpenter in the first instance, and Professor Huxley 

 subsequently, promulgated their original and philosophic views 

 respecting the question of animal individuality, they virtually 

 established a general proposition regarding the constitution of the 

 " zoological individual," which forms an admirable stand-point 

 by whose aid we may interpret the significance and relations of a 

 series of life-phenomena which must otherwise have long remained 

 misunderstood and, consequently, also undervalued. 



The general proposition here referred to was formally embodied 

 in the announcement that the "zoological individual" comprises 

 the sum-total of the phenomena displayed by all the products of 

 a single ovum, or, to employ Prof. Huxley's own words, " the in- 

 dividual animal is the sum of the phenomena presented by a single 

 life." 



Physiologists have long since maintained that the human frame, 

 during its life-period, is represented by several epochs, each of 

 which is absolutely distinctive and separable in so far as actual 

 matter or tissue is concerned, but inseparable and almost indis- 

 tinctive as regards mere appearances, whether external or internal. 

 In other words, during man's growth we have a definite succession 

 of life-phases which are analogous to, if not in any sense homo- 

 logically identical with, the distinctive and peculiar temporary 

 forms of life so notably characteristic of certain of the lower 

 animal types. 



Taking, as it were, a bird's-eye view of the whole zoological 



