ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 109 



containing admirable chapters on the histology, the segmentation of 

 the thallus, and the develoj)ment, structure, and germination of spores. 

 The second section of the first part deals with the life-histories of the 

 groups of fungi, and sets out with an introductory chapter full of 

 most significant and impressive elucidation of the grounds on which 

 classification is built. The classification here adopted is virtually 

 that published by Prof, de Bary in 1881. He here divides the fungi 

 proper into two categories, thus : — 



I. The Ascomycetes Series. — 1. Peronosporeae (with Ancylisteae and 

 Monoblepharis). 2. Saprolegnieae. 3. Mucorini or Zygomycetes. 

 4. EntomophthorcEe. 5. Ascomycetes. 6. Uredinese. 



II. Groups diverging from the Ascomycetes Series or of doubtful 

 Position. — 7. Chytridiese. 8. Protomyces and UstilagincEe. 9. Doubtful 

 Ascomycetes (Saccharomyces, &c.). 10. Basidiomycetes. 



Groups 1 to 4 are, from the approach to Algte, classed together as 

 Phycomycetes. Of those in category II., 7 and 8 are to be regarded 

 as standing in relationship to the Phycomycetes ; 9 in relationship, 

 of course, with 5 ; and 10 with 6. In Chapter V. a comparative 

 survey is made of the life-histories of each, which are discussed in 

 detail. 



The third section of the first part deals with the physiology of 

 the fungi proper, and contains chapters on the phenomena of germi- 

 nation and vegetation, with a specially interesting treatment of 

 parasites and saprophytes. 



The second part is occupied with the Mycetozoa, their morphology 

 and physiology. 



The third part, devoted to the Bacteria or Schizomycetes, con- 

 tains two chapters, dealing respectively with their morphology and 

 physiology. The pathologist has had it all, or nearly all, his own 

 way with them of late, and it is refreshing to find the subject treated 

 by a botanist whose experience of such organisms and their allies is 

 without doubt unrivalled.* 



Protophyta. 



Structure of Chromatophores.t— In pursuance of previous investi- 

 gations on the chromatophores of alg£e,f F. Schmitz has now made a 

 very detailed examination of the structure of these bodies in a 

 number of low-organized fresh- water organisms. 



In the fixst place we have a description of the phenomena presented 

 by the Euglenese, including several species of Euglena and Phacus. 

 The single cell of E. viridis contains a single ii'regularly stellate chro- 

 matophore (rarely two, one behind the other), the central portion of 

 which is surrounded by a globular layer of small grains of paramylum, 

 while its thinner prolongations pass through this layer of paramy- 

 lum, radiating towards the surface of the cell, in the form of narrow 

 slightly serpentine bands, along the surface towards the nearest end 



* G. Murray in Ann. and Mag. Nat, Hist., xiv. (1884) pp. 363-6. 

 t Pringsheim's Jahrb. f. Wiss. Bot., xv. (1884) pp. 1-177 (1 pi.). 

 X See this Journal, iii. (1883) p. 405. 



