ZOOLOGY AND BOTANY, MICROSCOPY, ETC. 269 



vessels of the foster-root bodily after tlie walls of the latter have been 

 partly absorbed. There is therefore no di£6.culty in a perfectly free 

 interchange of cell-contents between the foster-plant and the parasite. 



Organs of Secretion in Pines and Larches.* — H. Mayr treats in 

 great detail of the mode of formation and distribution, in the families 

 of conifers named, of these organs, which he determines to be in- 

 variably of schizogenons and protogenous origin, i. e. to be inter- 

 cellular receptacles for resin. 



Distribution of Honey-Glands in Pitchered Insectivorous Plants-f 

 — J. M. Macfarlane describes the distribution of honey-glands in 

 Nepenthes, Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, and Cephalotus. In Nepenthes 

 Mastersiana they are found on the outer surface of the pitcher, and 

 exactly resemble those on the inner surface of the lid, except that the 

 gland fossa is deeply hollowed out, and opens externally by a small 

 orifice, while its inner surface is clothed to within a short distance of 

 the orifice by the gland tissue, very much as in sphseriaceous fungi 

 the cavity of the perithecium is lined by asci. On the outer surface 

 of the lid are a few similar glands ; and a like condition is found to 

 occur in all the other species yet examined. Glands are scattered 

 rather sparingly over the upper, but pretty abundantly over the under 

 surface of the lamina. The tendril between the lamina and pitcher 

 also possesses them. On the stem some species have them very 

 sparingly, others in considerable number ; but, while resembling those 

 on the leaf externally, they are sunk much deeper in the cellular tissue 

 of the layer, and remind one of a simple animal gland. A complete 

 pavement of glands the same in size and appearance as those on the 

 inner surface of the lid of the pitcher, is spread over the upper 

 epidermis of each sepal. A few large " perithecioid " glands may 

 also be seen on the lower epidermis. In Nepenthes, therefore, the 

 same structure which by its secretion attracts insects for aiding in 

 fertilization also lures them to the pitcher, so that their dead bodies 

 may help in the nutrition of the plant. 



The other three genera are dealt with, and all four found to 

 agree fundamentally in their morphological arrangements for physio- 

 logical purposes, though referable to orders so widely separated 

 systematically. 



Nectar-Glands of Apios tnberosa.J — A. F. Foerste describes the 

 occurrence of extra floral honey-glands on this plant. The flowers 

 are arranged in dense panicles having the appearance of racemes. 

 The main axis of each bears at short distances the secondary racemes, 

 each of which carries three flowers at the very base of the short 

 stubby axis of the raceme; the top of this axis suddenly becomes 

 truncated, and on the flattened surface are the remaining aborted 

 flowers, which under a low power appear as so many clusters of 

 lanceolate scales. These usually fall off a short time before the 



* Bot. Centralbl., xx. (1884) pp. 23-5, 53-6, 86-91, 117-21, 143-53, 183-90, 

 213-9, 246-53, 278-83, 308-10 (3 pis,), 

 t Nature, xxxi. (1885) pp. 171-2. 

 t Bull. Torrey Bot. Club, xi. (1884) pp. 123-5 (9 figs.). 



