290 SUMMARY OF CURRENT RESEARCHES RELATING TO 



place. He regards the part played by the " neck " and the " club " as 

 purely mechanical in relation to the ascogenous ball. The club is 

 simply a support, and the neck a kind of tendril which coils round 

 this support in order to sustain the ascogenous cell ; and the object 

 of the terminal anastomosis is simply to ensure the stability of 

 the support. That this is really the function of these organs is con- 

 firmed by the third mode of development described by Van Tieghem. 

 This occurs under conditions of great drought, where the ascogenous 

 ball remains very small ; and then, not needing any support, these 

 special organs are not formed, and no anastomosis takes place. Even 

 when there is an anastomosis, there is no passage of protoplasm from 

 the club, the supposed male organ, to the ascogenous ball; on the 

 contrary, the ball empties itself, while the neck and the club remain 

 full of protoplasm. Furthermore the ball developes its ascogenous 

 branches before the terminal anastomosis of the neck, but not before 

 the coiling has been efiected which is necessary to its support. 



Development of Osteomyelitis-cocci in the Organism.* — M. 

 Eibbert details a series of experiments on the development of this 

 fungus within the organism, and on the pure culture of it. He finds 

 that in the organism the cocci distribute themselves from the part 

 where they are formed to other organs. 



Actinomyces in Swine's-flesh.f — H. C. J. Duncker has detected 

 in swine's-flesh roundish calcareous concretions, from 0"l-0-2 mm., 

 in diameter, which he finds to be calcified masses of mycelium of 

 Actinomyces. The closely packed, strongly refringent, sharply defined 

 patches of mycelium, and the typical centrifugal arrangement are very 

 characteristic. Cochineal stains both the tufts and the granular 

 masses found in the interior a deep red. 



Fungi Parasitic on the Mulberry.]: — G. Passerini attributes the 

 malady which ravaged the mulberry plantations in Tuscany during 

 last spring, &c., to the attacks of a hyphomycetous fungus, Fusarium 

 Mr<?cacear!/m, probably genetically connected with Gibberella moricola; 

 and a pycnidium-form Dothioretla Berengeriana, probably belonging 

 to the cycle of development of Botryosphceria Berengeriana. P. M. 

 Saccardo detects in the diseased leaves, in addition to these fungi, a 

 hitherto undescribed species of PJioma, to which he gives the name 

 P. mororurn. 0. Penzig and T. Poggi, on the other hand, attribute 

 the malady rather to unfavourable climatic conditions, regarding the 

 above-named and numerous other fungi which are constantly found 

 in the diseased parts rather as saprophytic than parasitic. 



• Vers. Deutscl). Xaturf. ii. Aerzte Magdeburg, Sept. 20, 1884. See BoL 

 Centralbl., xx. (1884 p. 312. 



+ Zeitschr. f. Mikroskopie u. Fleischschau, 1884, No. 3. See Bot. Centralbl., 

 XX. (1884) p. .302. 



X Paaserini, G., "La nebbia del gelsi," Boll. Comiz. Agrar. Parmense (1884) 

 Nos. 5-6. Saccardo, P. M., " Una nuova crittogama nei gelsi," Boll, mensile di 

 Bacchicultura, 1884, pp. 53-6. Penzig, O., and Poggi, T, "La malattia del 

 gelsi," 1. c. pp. 56-60. See Bot. Centralbl., xx. (1884) p. 48. 



